Wonderland Indonesia : Kalimantan Island

Kalimantan Island, which is the Indonesian portion of Borneo, is divided into five provinces. These provinces are: 1. West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat) 2. Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) 3. South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan) 4. East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) 5. North Kalimantan (Kalimantan Utara) Each province has its own unique culture, geography, and attractions.

Kalimantan Island, particularly the Indonesian part, is incredibly diverse in terms of culture. Here are some key aspects of the cultures found in Kalimantan: 1. **Dayak Tribes**: The Dayak people are indigenous to Kalimantan and are known for their rich cultural heritage, including traditional longhouses, intricate wood carvings, and unique rituals like the "ngayau" or headhunting ceremony (no longer practiced). 2. **Ethnic Diversity**: Besides the Dayaks, Kalimantan is home to various ethnic groups such as the Banjar, Malays, Kutai, and others, each with their own languages, traditions, and customs. 3. **Art and Crafts**: Kalimantan is renowned for its traditional crafts, including woven textiles (such as the famous Dayak "pua kumbu"), beadwork, pottery, and wood carvings that depict local myths and spiritual beliefs.

4. **Music and Dance**: Traditional music and dance play an important role in Kalimantan's cultural expression. Instruments like the "sape" (a traditional Dayak guitar) and various percussion instruments accompany ceremonial dances and rituals. 5. **Cuisine**: The cuisine of Kalimantan reflects its diverse cultures, with dishes often featuring rice, fresh fish, jungle vegetables, and unique flavors influenced by local herbs and spices. 6. **Beliefs and Rituals**: Animism and traditional spiritual beliefs are still practiced among many indigenous communities, alongside Islam, which is predominant among the Malay and other ethnic groups. Overall, Kalimantan Island offers a rich tapestry of cultural diversity, blending ancient traditions with contemporary influences, making it a fascinating destination for cultural exploration.

The lifestyle in Kalimantan varies depending on the region and the cultural background of its inhabitants. Here are some general aspects of the lifestyle in Kalimantan: 1. **Rural and Urban Divide**: Kalimantan's lifestyle can differ significantly between urban areas like Banjarmasin, Samarinda, and Pontianak, which are more modernized with urban amenities, and rural areas where traditional ways of life, agriculture, and fishing predominate. 2. **Subsistence Agriculture and Fishing**: In rural areas, many people rely on subsistence agriculture, cultivating crops like rice, rubber, and palm oil. Fishing also remains a vital economic activity, especially in communities along rivers and coastal areas.

3. **Traditional Housing**: Traditional longhouses, though less common today, are still found in some rural Dayak communities. These longhouses are communal dwellings built on stilts, housing multiple families and reflecting social cohesion and cultural identity. 4. **Transportation**: Transportation in rural areas often relies on boats and river travel due to Kalimantan's extensive river network. In urban areas, motorbikes, cars, and public transport are more common. 5. **Cultural Festivities**: Kalimantan celebrates various cultural festivals and events throughout the year, often tied to agricultural cycles, traditional rituals, or religious observances.

6. **Modern Influences**: Urban centers in Kalimantan, like elsewhere in Indonesia, have been influenced by modernization, including technology, education, and global trends, impacting lifestyles, fashion, and entertainment preferences. 7. **Community and Family**: Traditional values of community and family remain strong in Kalimantan, with social gatherings, ceremonies, and communal activities playing significant roles in daily life. Overall, while urbanization and modernization have brought changes to Kalimantan's lifestyle, many communities continue to preserve and celebrate their unique cultural heritage and traditional way of life.

The food in Kalimantan reflects its diverse cultural heritage and natural resources. Here are some highlights of the food in Kalimantan: 1. **Rice and Staple Foods**: Rice is a staple food, often served with various dishes. In some regions, sticky rice or lemang (glutinous rice cooked in bamboo) is popular. 2. **Seafood**: Given Kalimantan's extensive coastline and river systems, seafood plays a significant role in the diet. Fish, prawns, crabs, and shellfish are commonly prepared in various ways, such as grilled, fried, or cooked in spicy sauces. 3. **Traditional Dishes**: Each ethnic group in Kalimantan has its own traditional dishes. For example, the Dayak people might prepare dishes like "ayam pansuh" (chicken cooked in bamboo) or "papeda" (sago porridge) served with fish.

4. **Vegetables and Wild Plants**: Jungle vegetables and wild plants are integral to traditional Dayak cuisine. These include ferns, wild mushrooms, and various edible plants gathered from the forest. 5. **Spices and Flavors**: Kalimantan's cuisine is known for its bold flavors and use of local spices and herbs. Ingredients like lemongrass, ginger, galangal, turmeric, and various types of chili peppers add depth and heat to many dishes. 6. **Sago and Cassava**: Sago, derived from the sago palm, is a common ingredient in traditional dishes of some Dayak communities. Cassava (yuca) is also widely used, often boiled or fried.

7. **Street Food**: In urban areas like Pontianak and Banjarmasin, you can find a variety of street food, including grilled skewers (satay), noodle dishes (mie), and snacks like fried bananas (pisang goreng) or martabak (stuffed pancake). 8. **Desserts**: Traditional desserts in Kalimantan include sweet treats like "kue lapis" (layered cake), "kue cucur" (fried rice flour cakes), and various types of traditional sweets made from coconut, palm sugar, and glutinous rice. Overall, Kalimantan's cuisine offers a rich tapestry of flavors, influenced by its cultural diversity, natural resources, and traditional cooking methods.

Kalimantan Island is home to a diverse array of indigenous tribes, each with its own distinct cultural practices, languages, and traditions. Here are some of the prominent tribes found in Kalimantan: 1. **Dayak**: The Dayak people are the largest indigenous group in Kalimantan, encompassing various sub-ethnic groups such as the Iban, Kayan, Kenyah, Bidayuh, and others. They traditionally live in longhouses and are known for their intricate wood carvings, traditional tattoos, and unique rituals. 2. **Banjar**: The Banjar people are the largest ethnic group in South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan). They have a rich cultural heritage, including traditional music and dance, and are predominantly Muslim.

3. **Malay**: Malay communities are found throughout Kalimantan, especially in coastal areas. They have a strong maritime heritage and are known for their traditional boats (perahu) and fishing skills. 4. **Kutai**: The Kutai people primarily inhabit East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur). They have a long history, with archaeological sites indicating early civilizations in the region. 5. **Benuaq**: The Benuaq are an indigenous Dayak group living in East Kalimantan. They traditionally practice shifting cultivation and maintain strong ties to their cultural traditions and beliefs.

6. **Murut**: The Murut people reside in the border region between Kalimantan and Sabah, Malaysia. They are known for their traditional farming practices and cultural rituals. 7. **Punan**: The Punan are nomadic or semi-nomadic Dayak people living in remote areas of Kalimantan. They traditionally hunt, gather forest products, and practice animistic beliefs. These are just a few examples of the diverse tribes that call Kalimantan home. Each tribe has its own unique customs, languages, traditional arts, and spiritual beliefs, contributing to the rich cultural tapestry of the region.

Kalimantan Island offers several unique vacation destinations that cater to different interests, from cultural immersion to wildlife exploration. Here are some notable vacation destinations in Kalimantan: 1. **Tanah Lot National Park**: Located in West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat), this national park is known for its diverse wildlife, including proboscis monkeys, orangutans, and a variety of bird species. Visitors can explore the rainforest, go trekking, and take boat trips along the rivers. 2. **Derawan Islands**: Off the coast of East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur), the Derawan Islands are renowned for their pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and abundant marine life. Snorkeling and diving enthusiasts can explore vibrant coral reefs and encounter species like manta rays and sea turtles.

3. **Kayan Mentarang National Park**: Situated in North Kalimantan (Kalimantan Utara), this national park is known for its untouched rainforest and biodiversity. It's a great destination for adventurous travelers interested in trekking, birdwatching, and experiencing traditional Dayak culture. 4. **Banjarmasin**: The capital of South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan), Banjarmasin is known as the "City of a Thousand Rivers" due to its extensive network of waterways. Visitors can take boat tours along the rivers, visit floating markets, and explore cultural sites like the Martapura Diamond Market and Sultan Suriansyah Mosque. 5. **Mahakam River**: Located in East Kalimantan, the Mahakam River is the longest river in the region and offers scenic boat cruises through lush rainforest landscapes. Travelers can visit traditional Dayak villages, witness local culture, and enjoy river-based activities.

6. **Mount Meratus**: Situated in South Kalimantan, Mount Meratus offers hiking opportunities through dense tropical rainforest and panoramic views from its summit. It's an ideal destination for nature enthusiasts and those seeking outdoor adventures. 7. **Samarinda**: The capital city of East Kalimantan, Samarinda offers a mix of urban amenities and natural attractions. Visitors can explore local markets, cultural sites like the Islamic Center Samarinda, and nearby natural reserves. 8. **Tanjung Puting National Park**: Located in Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah), Tanjung Puting is famous for its orangutan conservation efforts. Travelers can take boat tours along the Sekonyer River to see orangutans in their natural habitat and visit rehabilitation centers.

9. **Sangalaki Island**: Part of the Derawan Islands in East Kalimantan, Sangalaki is known for its pristine beaches, clear waters, and as a nesting site for endangered sea turtles. It's a popular spot for diving and snorkeling enthusiasts. 10. **Loksado**: Situated in South Kalimantan, Loksado is a village nestled in the Meratus Mountains. It's known for its scenic landscapes, rice terraces, and opportunities for hiking, river tubing along the Amandit River, and cultural experiences with the local Dayak communities. 11. **Bukit Raya National Park**: Located in Central Kalimantan, Bukit Raya National Park is known for its rugged terrain, dense rainforests, and Mount Bukit Raya, the highest peak in Borneo. It offers challenging trekking routes and opportunities to spot endemic wildlife.

12. **Pasir Panjang Beach**: Also known as Long Beach, Pasir Panjang is a picturesque beach in Singkawang, West Kalimantan. It's known for its white sands, clear waters, and relaxed atmosphere, perfect for sunbathing and swimming. 13. **Sambas Sultanate Palace**: Located in Sambas, West Kalimantan, this historical palace offers insights into the region's royal heritage and architecture, reflecting the influence of Malay and indigenous Dayak cultures. 14. **Kapuas River**: The longest river in Indonesia, Kapuas River flows through West Kalimantan and offers scenic boat cruises, particularly around Pontianak. Travelers can enjoy riverine landscapes, visit traditional villages, and witness local river life.

15. **Pulau Kakaban**: Part of the Derawan Islands, Pulau Kakaban is known for its unique marine lake where jellyfish thrive without stingers. It's a popular destination for snorkeling, diving, and experiencing the island's tranquil beauty. 16. **Betang House**: These traditional Dayak longhouses can be found in various parts of Kalimantan, offering a cultural immersion experience. Some are open to visitors, allowing them to learn about Dayak architecture, lifestyle, and community traditions. 17. **Kubah National Park**: Located in South Kalimantan, Kubah National Park is known for its diverse plant species, waterfalls, and hiking trails. It's an ideal destination for nature lovers and those interested in birdwatching and jungle trekking.

18. **Martapura**: A town in South Kalimantan known for its diamond industry and traditional handicrafts. Visitors can explore the bustling diamond market, visit local workshops producing jewelry and traditional crafts, and learn about the region's cultural heritage. 19. **Kayan River**: Located in North Kalimantan, the Kayan River offers opportunities for river cruises through pristine rainforest landscapes. Travelers can experience the tranquility of the river, visit traditional Dayak villages, and observe local wildlife. 20. **Meratus Mountains**: Stretching across South Kalimantan, the Meratus Mountains offer stunning landscapes, waterfalls, and trekking opportunities. It's a great destination for adventure enthusiasts looking to explore off-the-beaten-path locations in Kalimantan. These destinations highlight the natural beauty, cultural richness, and adventurous spirit of Kalimantan Island, offering travelers a wide range of experiences to explore and enjoy.