Tenses

Present Tense 1. Simple Tense = universal truth / Fact / Routine action / Planned Event Future. The Sun rises in the east. I wake up every day at 7AM. Proverbs - A stitch in time, Saves nine samay mai kiya hua kaam aapko Problem se bacha sakta hai . Rules : Subject ( Singular ) +v1+s / es + Object She writes a letter He plays football He goes to school everyday Subject (Plural) + v1 + object You write a letter They Play football Negative Sentences Singular = Subject + does not + v1 Plural = Subject + Do not + v1 ( I , You ) If do & does not is a helping verb then do / does + v1 Example She does not write a letter he does not play football. Interrogative sentence Singular = Does + Subject +v1 + object Plural = Do + Subject + v1 Does She write a letter Does he play Football. Do I go there Do they Play football ( We will never use s / es in case of Do / Does ) V1 - is/ am / are / be / has / do / does / have V2 - Had / was / were / did V3 - Had / been 2 . Present Continuous Positive Sentence Rule - Subject + is ( Singular) / am ( I ) / are ( Plural ) + v1 + ing She is writing a letter You are writing a letter I am writing a letter I am not writing a letter Interrogative Sentences Helping verb + Subject Am + I + writing a letter Are you studying ? Is he playing a football ? we can also use future fixed plan in present continuous tense / Now . I am going to Agra Tomorrow I am teaching now Static Verb - We do not use Present Continuous tense to this verbs a) Verbs of Perception - see , hear , smell , notice , recognize , touch , feel. Example - I am seeing this car - wrong I see this car I am hearing it - Wrong I hear it I am tasting it = Wrong I taste it b) Verbs of Appearance - appear , look , He is appearing Smart - Wrong He appears smart . c) Verbs of emotion - Feel , Live , Love , Wish , desire , late , hope , refuse , prefer . I am loving it = Mc donals i Love it d) Verbs of though - think , suppose , consider , trust , remember , forget , understand , mean , mind , believe , know. I am thinking that = wrong I am trusting you = wrong I trust you e) Verb of Possession = own , possess , contain . consist , belong , to have . I am owning a car = wrong i own a car This car belong to me I am having a book = wrong I have a book I am having a car = Wrong i have a car [ Exceptions of Static Verbs ] - We can use in Present continuous tense if meaning and purpose is different However , If there is a change of meaning , some of them can be used in continuous tense ; as 1. On seeing it , he started coughing ( It is not a present continuous tense ) 2. I am having a lunch We do not use have when its meaning is possession but in this sentence lunch is not a possession . 3. Having seen him , he started throwing tantrums = No present continuous tense 4. I am looking for him = meaning here is searching not looking 5. The police is looking for him ' 6. I am feeling much better now = here we are talking about health 7. The students are having lunch 8. I am thinking of going to chennai = here thinking means plans not thinking 9. She is looking for a job 10. We are seeing with our eyes = Wrong We see with our eyes . 11. The water is feeling cold = wrong The water feels cold 12 . Ram and seema are seeing each other now a days = means dating . 3 . Present Perfect Tense It means the work has been completed but its impacting in the present kaam complete hochuka hai but uska impact present mai horha hai I have done this work a second ago( Past) = wrong sentence Rule - Subject + has (Singular) / have ( plural , I , you + verb 3rd form) She has written a letter Has she written a letter ? Interrogative I have completed my work She has done it. He has a car = Simple present tense = here has = v1 He has had a car = Present Perfect They have had the book just now Note - One must not use adverbs of Past time Like Yesterday , Last Year , Last month , ago , short while ago etc with present perfect tense He has completed his book yesterday = Wrong He completed his book yesterday We have met 3 days ago = Wrong We met 3 days ago 4 . Present Perfect Continuous Koi Kaam av complete v hua hai or lagatar chal rha hai . Rule - has / have + been +v1 +ing 1 . Mai pechle 10 saal se English pdha rha hu . 10 saal complete v hogae or av v english pdha rha hu I have been teaching English For 10 years She has been writing a letter

1. Simple Past - Rule - Second Form of verb Negative = did + verb 1 st form You did not consider me She did not write a letter Did you really love me ? I was a king He had a car was = Singular , I Were = Plural , You But suppose if we are in a dream land whenever we take about Imagination or dream which is not a reality Then we use only "were" I wish i were a millionaire i wish i were a king If i were the prime minister 2. Past continuous - used to denote an action going on at some time in the past Rule - was /were + v1 + ing Singular - i , you - Plural Was she writing a letter ? We use these tense basicly with When and While When I entered his house , he was playing the guitar While i was teaching , they were Playing . 3. Past Perfect Rule - Had + verb 3 form She had written a letter before she went there She did not go to school Note - Action -1 - Older past - had + 3rd form of verb Action -2 - Newer Past - v2/did + v1 1. Doctor se aane ke pehle patient marr gya The Doctor came after the patient had died Practice Questions - 2. He switched on the light before he opened the door 3. The train started just before i reached the station 4 . When rahul reached rome , Tina had had lunch 5 . She saw him before came to my house 6 . He submitted the paper after he got the punishment 7 . He had had her breakfast before she went there Answers : 2. He had 3. The train had 4. right 5. She had seen him 6. He submitted the paper after he had got the punishment 7. right - Vo waha gai usse pehle usne breakfast kar liya tha 4 . Past Perfect Continuous koi cheez past ki ho past mai he complete ho chuki ho or past mai he chal rhi ho Rule - Had been + v1 + ing + subject + for / Since 1. I had been living in delhi for 5 years when i got married जब मेरी शादी हुई तब मैं 5 साल से दिल्ली में रह रही थी

Simple Future - Will / Shall + v1 When will is used with I ,We = Determination , I will do it When shall is used with I , We = Normal Sentence i shall do it When will is used with = YOU , HE , SHE , IT , THEY = Normal shall - YOU , HE , SHE , IT , THEY - Compulsory 2. future Continuous Tense - Will/ Shall / + be + v1 + ing 3 . Future Perfect = Will /Shall + have +v3 I will have become a banker by 2003. 4 . Future perfect Continuous = Jo future mai complete v ho chuki hogi or lagatar v chalegi will / shall + have been+ v1 +ing I will have been teaching English 11 years by 2023 Note : When 2 actions are of future pehle wala future = Simple Present tense Uske baad wala future = Simple future Example - 1. if you ask me , I will tell you my feelings 2. When you will find out a solution to the problem you will be awarded a prize When you find out a solution to the problem you will be awarded a prize .