Jul 9, 2022
Grammar/ vocabulary revision class
By 정하늘 (amal)
~에 :per, by, for
에 has different usages. It can be used used to say : per, by
한 달에: per month
사과 한 개: per one apple
Examples (예문) :
★이 사과 한 개 얼마예요?
How much is it for one apple?
★저는 하루에 약을 두 번 먹었어요
I took medecine twice a day
★그 친구를 일주일에 헌 번 만나요
I meet that friend one per week
★여기에 한 달에 세 번 와요
I Come here three times per week
★하루에 2시간동안 운도해요
I work out during 2 hours per day
By 정하늘 (amal)
색깔–Colours
★검정색/ 까만색/ 검은색: Black
★갈색: Brown
★빨간색: Red
★주황색/ 오렌지색 : Orange
★노란색: Yellow
★금색: Gold
★초록색/녹색 : Green
★파란색: Blue
★하늘색: Sky Blue
★보라색: Purple
★분홍색/ 핑크색 : Pink
★회색: Grey
★은색: Silver
★하얀색/ 흰색 : White
Other Vocabulary:
부드러운색: Soft color
선명한색: Vivid color
어두운색: Dark color
밝은색: Light color
파스텔톤의색 Pastel tone colours
By 정하늘 (amal)
눈빛: a look in one's eyes
별빛: starlight
불빛: light, glow
햇빛: sunlight, sunshine, sunbeam
얼굴빛: complexion
By 정하늘 (amal)
다시, 또
Again, once more
다시 and 또 both means "again" but even though they're basically similar there's a slight difference
For 다시:
You use it when you want to start anew /again something that you have already done either in the same way or differentlt because you found that something is wrong. Or when you used to do something regularly /often and stopped for a few days and recently starts it again
For 또:
You just use it when you do something regularly and repeatedly or when that somthign happens regularly and repeatedly
Examples:
★Let's talk again soon
~곧 또 이야기하자!
(you're used to talk all the time and you just want to talk again)
~곧 다시 이야기하자!
(You used to talk frome time to time occasionally and want to make sure the other person know you want to talk with him/her again)
★I'll make kimpap again!
~김밥을 다시 만들거야!
(you made of before just once. Or you made it many times but you're not that much satisfied with the result)
~김밥은 또 만들거야
★I will study Korea again
~한국어를 공부를 다시 할거예요
(maybe you had some wrong info in Korean and want to study again to correct it or you studied Korean before and stopped for a long time and then you wanttes to study it again)
~한국어를 공부 또 항 거예요
(you're just used to study Korean and will do it again)
By 정하늘 (amal)
Pronouciation tip#13
의 different pronouciations
[의] as first syllable is pronounced normally
의사: doctor
의자: chair
의각 : the angle
의미: meaning
[에] if it's in the end of a word
한국의 문화: korean culture
아이의 우유: the baby's milk
한국: korea
문화:culture
아이: baby
우유: milk
[이] when with other consonants or in the middle of a word
희다
무늬: pattern
꽃무늬 드레스 있습니다
I have a dress with floral patterns
:희망: hope
동의어: synonym
By 정하늘 (amal)
Vocabulary related to studies :
School's vocabulary (학교의 어휘) :
★School :학교
★Primary school :초등학교
★Middle school:중학교
★High school: 고등학교
★University : 대학교
★Private school (private academy) : 학원
★Teacher: 선생님
★Student : 학생
★College student : 대학생
★Primary schooler:초등학생
★Middle schooler:중학생
★High schooler: 고등학생
★A graduated student : 졸업생
Expressions to use these vocab with (표현) :
★I am a...
저는...... 이에요
★ my younger sister is a...
제 여동생이....... 이에요
★ My younger brother goes to.....
제 남동생이 .... 에 다녀요.
제 남동생이 ...... 에 가요
★the teacher explains well
선생님이 잘 설명해요
★Classroom :교실
★notebook : 공책
★dictionary :서전
★desk: 책상
★chair : 의자
★Homework : 숙제
★Black board: 칠판
★Chalk: 분필
★Pen: 펜
★Pencil: 연필
★Eraser/rubber:지우게
★Paper:종이
★Book: 책
★Drawing: 그림
★Pencil case: 필통
Expressions (표현) :
★in the classroom there's...
교실에.... 이/가 있어요
★I have a/an.....
제가...... 이/가 있어요
★on the desk there is....
책상 위에....... 이/가 있는데요
★under the desk there is...
책상 밑에는.... 이/가 있어요
★Test/exam: 시험
★Vacation: 방학
★Study abroad: 유학
★Questions:질문
★Handwring:글씨
★Problem: 문제
Expressions (표현) :
★I'm having an exam tomorrow
내일 시험이 볼 거예요
내일 시험이 있어요
★I succeeded in the exam
제가 시험에 합격했어요
★I failed the exam
제가 시험에 떨어졌어요
★I have a vacation next week
다음 주에는 방학이 있어요
★I have a vacation next month
다음 달에는 방학이 있어요
★Language studies:어학
★Math:수학
★Science:과학
★History:역사
★Music:음악
★Foreign languages:외국어
★Physics :물리학
★Geography :지리
★Art:미술
★Biology: 생물학
Expressions (표현) :
★(subject's name) is hard
...... 이/가 어려워요
★(subject name) is easy
.... 이/가 쉬워요
★(subject's name) is interesting /fun
..... 이/가 재미있어요
★I will study (subject's name)
저는 ..... 을/를 공부할 거예요.
★(subject's name) is so boring
..... 이/가 지루해요
★I understood (subject's name) very well
저는 ..... 을/를 잘 이해했어요
★I can't understand (subject's name)
저는 ..... 을/를 못 이해해요
★I need to review (subject's name)
...... 을/를 복습해야 돼요
★...
★배우다: to learn
★공부하다: to study
★가르치다: to teach
★대답하다: to answer
★쓰다: to write/to use
★검색하다/ 찾아보다: to search for/ to look for
★연습하다:to practice
★복습하다:to review/to revise
★듣다: to listen
★읽다: to read
★설명하다: to explain
★이해하다: to understand
★물어보다/ 질문하다/ 물다: to ask
★학교에 다니다: to attend school
★알다: To know
★어렵다 :to be hard/difficult
★쉽다: to be easy
★피곤하다: to be tired
★힘들다: to be hard/to require effort
★재미있다: to be fun, to be interesting
★지루하다:to be boring
★크다:to be big
★작다: to be small
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
How to say but with verbs
To say but in Korean you can use :
~하지만
~그런데
~근데
~그렇지만
~그러나
All these can be used to connect between 2 sentences /2 clauses
★I hate maths but I do really like languages
~저는 수학을 싫어해요. 하지만 언어를 좋아해요.
~저는 수학을 싫어해요. 그란데 언어를 좋아해요
~저는 수학을 싫어해요. 근데 언어를 좋아해요
~저는 수학을 싫어해요. 그렇지만 언어를 좋아해요
~저는 수학을 싫어해요. 그러나 언어를 좋아해요
...
So how can we use but with verbs?
There are 2 methods
The first one is taking the verb stem and adding 지만 to it
★가르치다: To teach
가르치지만
★소리를 지르다: To scream
소리를 지르지만
★자르다:To cut
자르지만
Examples (예문) :
★파티에 가고 싶지만 너무 피곤해요
I want to go the party but Im very tired
★시험을 위해 잘 공부하지만 잘 못 봤어요
I studied well for the exam but I didn't pass it well
★아기가 아주 졸리지만 아직 안 잤어요
The baby is so sleepy but he's still not sleeping yet
★저는 차를 사고 싶지만 돈이 없으니까 할 수 없어요
I wanna buy a car but since I don't have money I can't
★저는 그녀를 전화하지만 대답하지 않았어요
I called her but she didn't reply.
The 2nd method is :
Verb +는데
Adjectives (descriptive verbs + (으) ㄴ데
If we have a verb all what we have to do is add 는데 to the verb stem :
★만나다:To meet
만나는데
★부르다: To call (someone)
부르는데
★배우다: To learn
배우는데
★가다: To go
가는데
If we have an adjectives (also known as descriptive verb) all what we have to do is add 은데or ㄴ데 to the descriptive verb stem :
~if the descriptive verb stem ends with a vowel:
ㄴ데
~if the descriptive verb stem ends with a consonant :
은데
★크다: To be big, huge, vast..
큰디
★키가 작다: To be Short
키가 작은데
★배고프다:To be hungry
배고픈데
Examples (예문) :
★ 제 여자친구는 멋있는데 조금 게을러요
My girlfriend is stylish but lazy
★돈을 없는데 시간이 많아요
I don't have money but I have a lot of time
★낮에는 더운데 밤에는 추워요
It is hot in the daytime, but cold at night
★여동생이 귀여운데 짜증스럽기도 해요
My younger sister is cute but she can also be annoying
★한식은 매운데 막았어요
Korean food is spicy but also delicious
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
A is good for B
A은/는 B에 좋다
When you want to say A is good for B
And B is an inaminated thing we gonna do it like this
A은/는 B에 좋아요
Examples (예문) :
★lemon juice and honey are good for sore throats
레몬 주스와 벌꿀은 인후염에 좋아요
★vitamin C is good for colds
비타민 C는 감기에 좋아요
★water is good for flowers
물은 꽃에 좋아요
★The sun is good for plans
태양은 식물에 좋아요
★listening is good for learning a language
듣는 것은 언어 배우기에 좋아요
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
A is bad for B
A은/는 B에 나쁘다
When you want to say A is bad for B
And B is an inaminated thing we gonna do it like this
A은/는 B에 나빠요
Examples (예문) :
★ Cigarettes are bad for your health
담배는 몸에 나빠요
★ alcohol is bad for one's health
술을 건강에 나빠요
★ Divorce is bad for children's mental health
이혼은 아이들의 정식(적) 건강에 나빠요
★coffee is bad for sleep
커피는 숙면에 나빠요
숙면:deep sleep, sound sleep
잠: sleep
★sleeping late is bad for the health
늦게 자기는 건강에 나빠요
By 정하늘 (amal)
취미에 대해 말합시다
Let's talk about hobbies!
How to ask and answers questions about hobbies:
★What is your hobby? /What are your hobbies?
취미가 뭐예요?
★what do you like to do?
뭘 하는 걸 좋아해요?
★Do you like.... ?
..... 는 걸 좋아해요?
★재미로 뭘 하는 걸 좋아해요?
What do you like to do for fun?
★시간 남을 때 뭐 해요?
What do you do in your free time?
★자유시간 있을 때 뭐하는 걸 좋아해요?
What do you like to do in your free time?
★스포츠를 할 수 있어요?
Can you do any sports?
★V-는 거 좋아해요?
I like...
★V-는 제 취미예요
...... is my hobby
★제 취미는 N-이에요/예요
My hobby is ......
★ N-이에요/예요
It's.......
취미 Hobbies :
★reading : 독서
★cooking:요리, 요리하는 것
★watching movies: 영화보기
★watching TV : 티비를 보기, 티비 보는 것
★watching dramas :드라마보기
★surfing Internet: 인터넷하기
★language learning: 언어 베우기
★blogging : 블로깅
★spending time with friends : 친구하고 시간을 보내기
★listening to music: 음악듣기, 음막 듣는 것
★singing :노래하기, 노래하는 거
★playing the piano: 피아노 치는 것
★playing the guitar: 기타를 치는 것
★playing the drums: 드럼 치는 것
★playing violin: 바이올린 치는 것
★drawing, painting 그림 그리기, 그림 그리는 것
★pottery :도예 하는것
★calligraphy: 서예 하는 것
★sewing 바느질
★knitting, crochet 뜨개질
★photography : 사진 찍기, 사진을 찍는 것
By 정하늘 (amal)
Vocabulary (어휘):
Vocabulary related to appearance and personality
Vocabulary related to appearance (외모에 관련된 어휘) :
★외모:appearance and look
★to be tall: 키가 크다
★to be short : 키가 작다
★to be pretty :예쁘다
★to be handsome : 잘생기다
★to be cute: 귀엽다
★to be ugly:못생기다
★to be stylish, cool: 멋있다
★to have short hair: 짧은머리가 있다
★to have long hair :긴머리가 있다
★to have shoulder length hair :어께까지 오는 머리가 있다
★to have a pony tail : 묶은 머리가 있다
★to have wavy hair:웨이브 머리가 있다
★to have curly hair: 곱슬머리가 있다
★to have straight hair :곧은 머리/ 생머리가 있다
★to be skinny: 날씬하다
★to be chubby: 통통하다
★To be overweight (fat) : 뚱뚱하다
★to be muscular :근육질이다
Expression to use them with :
★I/someone have ...... Hair
(name) 씨는 / 저는 .... 머리가 있어요
★my mom is (skinny /fat/ chubby)
엄마는 (날씬해요/ 뚱뚱해요/ 통통해요)
★(name) is short
.... 씨는 키가 작아요
★someone is tall
Name님은 키가 커요
Vocabulary related to personality (성격에 관련 어휘)
★lazy person: 게으른, 나태한
★bright/ outgoing person: 밝은
★arrogant : 거만한
★modest: 겸손한
★kind :착한
★competitive :경쟁심이 강한
★greedy: 욕심이 많은
★generous: 관대한, 너그러운
★stupid : 어리석은
★bad:나쁜
★weak minded : 마음이 약한
★timid : 소심한
★open minded:마음이 열린
★wise:지혜로운
★polite: 예의바른
★selfish:이기적인
★brave :용감한
Expression to use them with :
★Someone is.....
Name님은..... 사람이에요
By 정하늘 (amal)
Vocabulay (어휘) :
과일 어휘 : Fruits vocabulary
★사과 : apple
★바나나: banana
★포도: grapes
★살구: apricot
★자몽: grapefruit
★자두: plumb
★라임: lime
★레몬: lemon
★배: pear
★귤: tangerine
★딸기: strawberry
★수박: watermelon
★산딸기: raspberry
★복송아: peach
★파인애플: pineapple
★석류: pomegranate
★블루베리: Blueberry
Practice time :
★저는 (fruit name) 을/를 먹었어요
I ate (fruit)
★(fruit name) 이/가 너무 맛있어요
(fruit name) is very delicious
★저는 (fruit name) 을/를 아주 좋아해요
I like (fruit name) a lot
★제가 (fruit name) 을/를 제일 좋아해요
I like (fruit name) the most
★제일/가장 좋아하는 과일은 (fruit name ) 이예요/예요
My favorite fruit is (fruit name)
야채 어휘 :Vegetables vocabulay
★양파:Onion
★마늘: Garlic
★생강: Ginger
★당근: Carrot
★토마토: Tomatoes
★감자: Potatoes
★양배추: Cabbage
★배추: Chinese Cabbage
★시금치: Spinach
★옥수수: Corn
★무: Radish
★껍질콩: Green Beans
★피망: Bell Pepper
★버섯: Mushrooms
★고구마: Sweet Potato
★호박: Pumpkin
★순무: Turnip
★고추: Red Pepper
Practice time (연습) :
★엄마가 (야채) 을/를 좋아해요
My mom like (veggie name)
★제가 (야채) 을/를 싫어해요.
I hate (veggie name)
★어제는 (여채)을/를 먹었어요
Yesterday (we) ate (vegetables name)
★(야채)이/가 맛있어요
(vegetable name)
★저는 (야채)을/를 못 먹어요
I can't eat (veggie name)
견과 어휘: Nuts vocabulay
★아몬드: Almond
★땅콩: Peanut
★호두: Walnut
★밤: Chestnut
★잣: Pine nut
★캐슈넛: Cashew Nut
대화 :Dialogue
A: B씨가장 좋아하는 야채는 뭐예요?
What is your favourite vegetable B?
B: 저는 아스파라거스를 좋아해요. A씨는?
I like Asparagus. And you A?
A: 저는 고추를 좋아HE요. C씨는?
I like Red pepper. And you C?
C: 저는…
I like…
Practice (연습) :
★(00)을/를 좋아해요
I like (00)
★(00)을/를 싫어해요
I hate (00)
★제가 (마늘)을 싫어해요
I hate garlic)
★(00) 알러지가 있어요
I have an allergy to (00)
★(00)을/를 못 먹어요
I can't eat (00)
★(00)은/는 셔요 (시다)
(00) is sour
★(00)은/는 달아요 (달다)
(00) is sweet
★(00)은/는 매워요 (맵다)
(00) is sour
★(00)은/는 써요 (쓰다)
(00) are bitter
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
(으) 니까
(으) 니
We just learned how to create the meaning of "because ", "so", "therefore" between two clauses using 그래서 or (동사) 아/어/해서 , (명사) (이)라서
Now we can also use (으) 니까 to create a very similar meaning. The subtle nuances is that (으) 니까 is commonly used when the 1st clause is an excuse as to why the 2nd clause occurs. Sometimes there's a slight feeling that the speaker is annoyed at the cause for something not happening
~으니까 is used when the verb's stem ends with a consonant :
★넣다:To put sth in
넣으니까
★없다: to not have, not exist
없으니까
~니까 is used when the verb's stem ends with a vowel, or verbs that ends with 하다:
★공부하다:to study
공부하니까
★소문을 내다:To spread a rumor
소문을 내니까
★화가 나다: To get angry
화가 나니까
~With verbs that are conjugated in the past tense 았/었/였 we will add 으니까
!!!! Unlike 아/어/해서, (으)니까 can be conjugated into past tense
★맞다: To be right
맞았으니까
★뜨겁다: To be hot (things)
뜨거웠으니까
Tip on when to use it!!!
~Use with commands
하세요 : do it
하지 마세요 : don't do it
~Use it with suggestions
할까요 : shall we
할래요: do you wanna...
~ 하는 개 어때요 : how about doing....
~Use it with permissions
해도 돼요 : you can do...
안 ~도 돼요: you can't do...
...
Examples (예문) :
★비가 오니까 우산을 가지고 가세요
Please take an umbrella because it's raining
★시간이 없으니까 얼른 오세요
We don't have time so please come quickly
★너무 맛있으니까 더 먹고 싶어요
Beacause it's so delicious I want to eat more
★추우니까 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요
It's cold so please wear warm clothes
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (분법) :
Each and every
마다
To say each and every....you will just have to attach 마다 after the noun
★날:day
날마다
★달:month
달마다
★해:year
해마다
★집:house
집집마다
★밤:night
?
With things like 집(house ), 곳(place), when used with 마다 they're
repeated twice
Examples (예문) :
★each person had its own concerns / worries
사람마다 고민이 있는데요
★each day it's different
날마다 달라요
★I go visit my grandparents every year
저는 해.... 조부모님 댁에 가요
★I knocked on the door of each house when I was young
제가 어렸을 때 집집마다 문을 두드렸어요
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
Approximately, about, around
약, 쯤, 정도
In English we say "around", "about", "approximately" before the noun
In korean we add 쯤, 정도 after the name
And for 약 we add it before the noun as in English
~With 쯤: we attach 쯤 to the nouns
★한 시:1 o'clock
한 시쯤
★1000 원: 1000 won
1000 원쯤
~With 정도 : we add it after the noun
★1년: one year
1년 정도
★15 분:15 min
15 분 정도
~With 약 : we add it before the noun
★5 시:5 o'clock
약 5 시
★10 킬로미터 : 10 km
약 10 킬로미터
You can also combine 약 and 쯤 OR 약 and 정도:
★오후 5 시:
약 오후 5 시쯤
약 오후 5 시 정도
★1 시간
약 한 시간쯤
약 항 시간 정도
★3 킬로미터 :
약 3 킬로미터쯤
약 3 킬로미터 정도
Examples (예문) :
★about 100 people came
100명쯤 왔어요
100 명 정도 왔어요
★I lived in France for 5 years
프랑스에서 5년쯤 살았어요
약 프랑스에서 5 년 살았어요
★about when are you going to go?
언제쯤 갈 거예요?
언제 정도 갈 거예요?
★around what time shall we meet tomorrow?
내일 몇 시쯤 만날까?
약 내일 몇 시 정도 만날까?
★it's takes around 15 minutes from here
여기서 15 분 정도 걸려요
약 여기에서 15분 걸려요
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (분법) :
~ Only
밖에 ~
N밖에 particle = ‘only’ or ‘nothing but’, nothing except
Usage :
- Express that only 1 thing or option is available, no other things else. = ‘only’ or ‘nothing but’
- Must use in negative form (except for 아니다). It's mosly used with 없다:
★친구밖에:nothing but friends
★밥밖에:nothing except rice
★천 원밖에:nothing but 1000 won
★너밖에: no one but you
Noun + 밖에 (ending in negative form):
1. 안 /지 않다:
사과가 한 개밖에 안 남았어요.
There’s only 1 Apple left.
2. 못/ 지 못하다:
선물을 한 개밖에 못 받았어요.
I can only receive one present.
3. 없어요:
돈이 1000 원밖에 없어요.
I only have 1000 won left.
음식이 조금밖에 없어요.
There’s only a little food left.
4. 몰라요:
한국어는 ‘안녕하세요’랑 ‘감사합니다’밖에 몰라요.
I only know to say ‘hello’ and ‘thank you’ in Korean.
Examples (예문) :
★이 책이 어려워서 세 쪽밖에 못 읽었어요.
This book is difficult, so I can only read 3 pages.
★파티에 20명 초대했어요. 그런데 10명밖에 안 왔어요.
I invited 20 people to the party but only 10 came.
★가:시간이 얼마나남았어요?
나:10분밖에 안 남았어요.
A:How much time is left?
BJust 10 min remaining.
★가:반에 여학생이 많아요?
나:여학생은 1명밖에 없어요.
A:Are there many female students in the class?
B:Only 1 person.
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
'only', 'no more than'
밖에
(이)나 is used to indicate that the number or the amount of something is mich higher or more than expected, or it is at a level higher than what is generally considered normal. It does corresponds to 'as many as', 'no less than' in English.
Meanwhile the particle 밖에 is used to indicate that a number or an amount is less than expected or doesn't meet a general standard (less than the standard)
Depending on the perspective, a certain quantity can be viewed as either smaller or larger than expected. And thus 밖에 and (이)나 can be used to express such view.
★1 킬로미터 :1 kilometer
1 킬로미터밖에
★사과 1개:1 apples
사과 1개밖에
Examples (예문) :
★I called my friend (only) 5 times
친구에게 다섯 번밖에 전화를 안 했어요
★I ate no more than 2 strawberries
딸기를 두 개밖에 안 먹었어요
★I slept for (only) 5 hours yesterday
어제 다섯 시간이 안 잤어요
★I read (less than) 10 pages for one hour
한 시간 동안 열 페이지밖에 안 읽었어요
★I couldn't walk for more than 1 kilometer
제가 1 킬로미터밖에 못 걸었어요
By 정하늘 (amal)
Grammar (문법) :
'as many as', 'no less than'
(이)나
(이)나 is used to indicate that the number or the amount of something is mich higher or more than expected, or it is at a level higher than what is generally considered normal. It does corresponds to 'as many as', 'no less than' in English.
~if the name ends with a vowel: 나 is attached to it
★5 킬로미터 :5 kilometers
5 킬로미터나
★사과 5개:5 apples
사과 5개나
~if the name ends with a consonant : 이나 is attached to it
★현재자매 6명: 6 siblings
현재자매 6명이나
★12 시간: 12 hours
12 시간이나
Examples (예문) :
★I called my friend (as many as) 5 times
친구에게 다섯 번이나 전화했어요
★I ate no less than 15 strawberries
딸기를 열다섯 개나 먹었어요
★I slept for (as many as) 12 hours yesterday
어제 열두 시간이 잤어요
★I read no less than 100 pages for one hour
한 시간 동안 백 페이지나 읽었어요
★I walked for no less than 5 kilometers
제가 5 킬로미터나 걸었어요
By 정하늘 (amal)
Useful vocabulary:
문법: grammar
어휘: vocabulary
명사: Noun
동사: Verbs
형명사: adjectives / descriptive verbs
부사: adverb
글자: letter
모음: vowel
자음: consonant
단어: word
동의어: synonym
반대어: antonym
활용: conjugation
By undefined
19 notes ・ 157 views
Korean
Elementary