grammar

arise arose arisen awake awoke awoken be was/were been bear bore born(e) beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bind bound bound bite bit bitten bleed bled bled blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast build built built burn burnt/burned burnt/burned burst burst burst buy bought bought can could … (been able) catch caught caught choose chose chosen cling clung clung come came come cost cost cost creep crept crept cut cut cut deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got got give gave given go went gone grind ground ground grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept kneel knelt knelt know knew known lay laid laid lead led led lean leant/leaned leant/leaned learn learnt/learned learnt/learned leave left left lend lent lent lie (in bed) lay lain lie (to not tell the truth) lied lied light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made may might … mean meant meant meet met met mow mowed mown/mowed must had to … overtake overtook overtaken pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run saw sawed sawn/sawed say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn/sewed shake shook shaken shall should … shed shed shed shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown shrink shrank shrunk shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept slide slid slid smell smelt smelt sow sowed sown/sowed speak spoke spoken spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spend spent spent spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled spit spat spat spread spread spread stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank stunk strike struck struck swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen/swelled swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn weep wept wept will would … win won won wind wound wound write wrote written

What Are Past Participles? (with Examples) A past participle is a word that (1) is formed from a verb, (2) is used as an adjective or to form verb tense, and (3) probably ends with "-ed," "-d," "-t," "-en," or "-n." For example: past participle examples

More Examples of the Present Perfect Tense Here are some more examples of the present perfect tense: The board has decided to uphold the appeal. (This sentence carries the connotation that the board continues to uphold the appeal.) I have taken the wrong path. (Connotation: I am still on the wrong path.) Comparing the Present Perfect Tense and the Simple Past Tense Here is another example of the present perfect tense (highlighted). For comparison, the example is given alongside similar-looking example featuring the simple past tense. Janet has run two miles. (This is the present perfect tense. In this example, Janet is still running when the words were said.) Janet ran two miles. (This is the simple past tense. In this example, Janet has stopped running when the words were said.) Here is another example: David has worked alongside two of the world's finest scientists in the field of entomology. (This is the present perfect tense. In this example, David might have finished working with those scientists, but the sentence carries the connotation that he is still working as an entomologist.) David worked alongside two of the world's finest scientists in the field of entomology. (This is the simple past tense. This example carries the connotation that David no longer works as an entomologist.) Forming the Present Perfect Tense The present perfect tense is formed: [subject] + "has" or "have" + [past participle] I have worked. She has painted.

The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour). This tense is formed by have/has + the past participle. The construction of this verb tense is straightforward. The first element is have or has, depending on the subject the verb is conjugated with. The second element is the past participle of the verb, which is usually formed by adding -ed or -d to the verb’s root (e.g., walked, cleaned, typed, perambulated, jumped, laughed, sautéed) although English does have quite a few verbs that have irregular past participles (e.g., done, said, gone, known, won, thought, felt, eaten).

What Is the Present Perfect Tense? (with Examples) The present perfect tense describes an action that began in the past (despite being a present tense). For example: John has taken Sarah's advice. They have fixed the fence. Often, the action being described is still continuing into the present (e.g., John continues to take Sarah's advice). This is how the present perfect tense differs from the simple past tense.

The past simple tense is used to talk about things that both started and ended in the past. It is one of the most commonly used tenses in English as it indicates something that has already happened. When to use the past simple tense To talk about events that happened in the past — I walked to school yesterday. To talk about moods or states of being in the past — I was a happy teenager. To talk about repeated actions in the past — I visited my grandma every winter for ten years. Pro tip – Past simple is only used when the action or event in the past was completed. If an action started in the past but is continuing into the future that is a different tense (present perfect).

1. Yesterday I ___________________ (forget) my dictionary at home; so, I ____________________(borrow) another one from my classmate. 2. I _____________________ (lose) my keys I can’t get in. 3. My brother ______________________ (visit) U.S. three times. 4. Last month I _______________________ (visit) Venice for the first time. 5. I _______________________ (know) Spanish when I was eight; but, by time I ___________ (forget). 6. My best friend Chris _______________________ (know) me for ten years, we still meet once a week at least. 7. I ___________________ (play) volleyball since I was a little kid; I’m pretty good at it. 8. Tina __________________ (play) soccer at university, however she __________________ (not / like) it. 9. Sorry, I __________________ (miss) the train; shall we meet tomorrow? 10. Yesterday was a tough day for me; first, I __________________ (miss) the bus; so, I __________________ (not / reach) my meeting on time, and then I _______________ (miss) the train; so, I was late home. 11. Last year I __________________ (go) to Paris. 12. I’m sorry, my mother isn’t here now. She __________________ (go) shopping. 13. Daniel __________________ (finish) his lunch quickly and left home. 14. I __________________ (finish) painting the walls finally and I’m so tired!

. I .................... with my son when you .................... played, called was playing, were calling was playing, called played, were calling 2. The doorbell .................... while I ..................... a bath. rang, was having was ringing, was having was ringing. had 3. As I ........................ for bus, I ............................. Joe crossing the road. waited, saw was waiting, saw waited, was seeing 4. Yesterday, I ....................... to the movies with my wife. was going went had gone 5. When I was a child, we ................ our own amusements. were making made have made 6. When we .................... home, we discovered that water .......................... down the walls. reached, ran reached, was running was reaching, was running 7. It ........................ while I .......................... in Mumbai. was happening, was living happened, was living happened, lived 8. I .................... in Rome for ten years while I ................. a child. lived, was was living, was lived, had been 9. I ......................... all day yesterday. had slept was sleeping 10. What ................................. at 11 pm last night? did you do were you doing had you done 11. Who .......................... you that watch? was giving gave had given 12. When I ......................... into the office, everybody ................... was walking walked, worked walked, was working

Yesterday I forgot my dictionary at home; so, I borrowed another one from my classmate. 2. I have lost my keys I can’t get in. 3. My brother has visited U.S. three times. 4. Last month I visited Venice for the first time. 5. I knew Spanish when I was eight; but, by time I forgot. 6. My best friend Chris has known me for ten years; we still meet once a week at least. 7. I have played volleyball since I was a little kid; I’m pretty good at it. 8. Tina played soccer at university, however she didn’t like it. 9. Sorry, I have missed the train; shall we meet tomorrow? 10. Yesterday was a tough day for me; first, I missed the bus; so, I didn’t reach my meeting on time, and then I missed the train; so, I was late home. 11. Last year I went to Paris. 12. I’m sorry, my mother isn’t here now. She has gone shopping. 13. Daniel finished his lunch quickly and left home. 14. I have finished painting the walls finally and I’m so tired!

. I was playing with my son when you called. 2. The doorbell rang while I was having a bath. 3. As I was waiting for bus, I saw Joe crossing the road. 4. Yesterday, I went to the movies with my wife. 5. When I was a child, we made our own amusements. 6. When we reached home, we discovered that water was running down the walls. 7. It happened while I was working in Mumbai. 8. I lived in Rome for ten years while I was a child. 9. I was sleeping all day yesterday. 10. What were you doing at 11 pm last night? 11. Who gave you that watch? 12. When I walked into the office, everybody was working.

Definition of Past Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense is a tense which is used to indicate the actions or conditions that were happening at some point in time in the past but have now finished. In other words, past continuous tense is used to describe or indicate actions that began in the past and were continuing when another event occurred. It is important to note here that there may be two actions going on at the same time in the past, and one was interrupted by the happening of the other. Thus, both actions have occurred in the past. It is also known as the past progressive tense. This tense uses was or were + present participle. In the forming of the past continuous tense, we use ‘was’ when the subject is Singular and ‘were’ when the subject is Plural. The second element that is the present participle is formed by adding -ing to the root of the verb. For example, learning, studying, mixing, laughing, etc. While framing the questions using the past continuous tense, we indicate them by inverting the subject and was or were. For making negative sentences we use not. Using Past Continuous Tense sentences to describe: Following are the situations where we use Past Continuous Tense along with sentences: For any interrupted action or condition in the past Sentence: While she was cooking food, the microwave blew. It means that she was cooking food in the past and the doorbell rang. So, the first event i.e. cooking got interrupted by the occurrence of the second event i.e. the blowing off of the microwave. Interruption at a specific time Sentence: Yesterday at 11 AM, I was having breakfast. It means that at 11 AM I was in the process of having breakfast. I had started having breakfast earlier than 11 AM. Describes parallel actions or events Sentence: He was listening to music while walking in the garden. It means that listening to music and walking was going on simultaneously or at the same time. Describes Atmosphere Sentence: When I reached the shopping mall, several people were busy buying clothes, children were playing in the gaming zone, and some were busy enjoying delicious food. It expresses the atmosphere inside the shopping mall sometime in the past. Use of ‘always’ and ‘constantly’ Sentence: He was constantly talking and irritated me. It means that his constant talking in the past had irritated me then.