Geographie

1. Vanuatu Vanuatu is a country in the Pacific Ocean. The official languages of Vanuatu are Bislama, English and French. Vanuatu has a population of over 250,000 people. The capital of Vanuatu is Port Vila. The country was ruled as a colony by England and France. It got its independence in 1980. During the colonial time, it was named the "New Hebrides" or "Nouvelles Hebrides". Vanuatu is an island archipelago. It has about 82 small islands. The islands were made from Volcanos. 65 of the islands are inhabited. There is about 800 miles (1,300 km) north to south distance between the outermost islands. Two of the islands (Matthew and Hunter) are also claimed by France. Fourteen of Vanuatu's islands have surface areas of more than 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi). The highest point in Vanuatu is Mount Tabwemasana, at 1,879 metres (6,165 ft), on the island of Espiritu Santo. 2. Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a country located in Central Asia and South Asia. It has borders with Pakistan in the south and east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. In early times people passed through it with animals and other goods as it connected China and India with Central Asia and the Middle East. More recently, Afghanistan has been damaged by many years of war. This has resulted in there not being enough jobs. The country is around 251,826 square miles (652,230 square kilometres) in size or area. There are 30 million people in Afghanistan. Afghanistan has many mountains. The mountains are called the Hindu Kush and Himalayas. The big mountain in Afghanistan is Mount Nowshak. There are plains (which have soil that is good for growing plants) and foothills. Part is also dry and called the Registan Desert. Afghanistan has snow and glaciers in the mountains. Amu Darya is the big water stream, or river.

3. Qatar Qatar is a sovereign country in Western Asia. It is on the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its only land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain, as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century. Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar. Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. Whether it should be called a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion. In 2003, the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour. As of early 2017, Qatar's total population was around 2.6 million: 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates. Qatar is a high income economy and is a developed country, with the world's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves. The country has the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development. Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world, supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group, Al Jazeera Media Network. For its small size, Qatar has a lot of influence in the world, and has been identified as a middle power. Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, becoming the first Arab country to do so. 4. Siberia Siberia is the part of Russia that is in Asia. It covers wide landscapes, and stretches from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific. It goes from the Arctic Ocean to the border with China, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. The Yenisei river is sometimes called the border between east Siberia and west Siberia. Siberia covers about 77% of all Russian territory, but only 28% of Russians live there. It is one of the coldest places on Earth where people live. 70% of people in Siberia live in big cities and small towns. Novosibirsk is the largest city in Siberia, with a population more than 1.5 million. Omsk and Krasnoyarsk also have populations of over a million people. Big cities, Yekaterinburg (almost 1.5 million) and Chelyabinsk (almost 1.2 million), are situated in Northern Asia, but not in the Siberian Federal District.

5. Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a tropical equatorial country in northern South America. It is in the northwest part of the continent, and it has an area of 1,141,748 km² (440,839 sq mi). It is the only South American country with coasts on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The countries that have borders on the continent with Colombia are: Venezuela (east), Brazil (southeast), Peru (south), Ecuador (southwest) and Panama (west). The countries that have borders with Colombia on the sea are: Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti and Dominican Republic. More than 50 million people live in Colombia. It is the third most populated country in Latin America after Mexico and Brazil. The capital of Colombia is Bogotá. The second city is Medellín, a large industrial center. The third largest city is Cali, home to many multinational companies. The most important city of the country on the Caribbean coast is Barranquilla. It was also the first national port. Cartagena de Indias has a great Spanish wall from the 17th Century and an old town with 500-year-old buildings. After these cities comes Bucaramanga, a large city near the Venezuelan border, and the center of the textile industry in Colombia. 6. New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in Oceania. It is a sovereign state in the south-western part of the Pacific Ocean. It is made up of two large islands (the North Island and the South Island) and many smaller islands. These islands are located to the southeast of Australia. New Zealand was one of the last places in the world that humans discovered, because it is a long way away from most of the world. During its time without humans, New Zealand was a good place for an unusual range of plants and animals to develop. The capital city of the country is Wellington, and the largest city is Auckland. Both of these cities are on the North Island. The largest city on the South Island is Christchurch. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand sign language. English has never been granted official language status in the NZ laws, but it is used as a default official language due to its wide usage. In 2010, a newspaper in NZ said that New Zealand was the 8th happiest country in the world

7. Istanbul Istanbul is a mega city that sits in both Europe and Asia divided by the Bosporus. Although the largest city of Turkey its not the capital. It is the largest city in Europe by population. Istanbul is also the 3rd largest European city in size. It was the capital city of the old Ottoman Empire until 1923. The city has been known since ancient times by the older names Byzantium and Constantinople (Latin: Constantinopolis; Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis). Being a seaport, Istanbul is the main trade center of Turkey. Part of Istanbul is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Istanbul faces the Golden Horn and the Bosporus strait. The Bosphorus connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, and separates Europe and Asia. The city is actually in both Europe and Asia. One third of the people live on the Asian side. Its population is between 11 and 15 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Europe. Many people migrate to Istanbul every year. 8.Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia is a prestigious building in the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. It is often said to be one of the greatest and most beautiful buildings in history. The present building, now a mosque, was the third church building on the site. The third Hagia Sophia was built between 532 and 537, as the cathedral of Constantinople, the capital city of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. The Roman emperor Justinian the Great ordered the construction. The architects were Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus. The Greek historian Procopius wrote about Hagia Sophia's construction. The building's roof (a large dome) fell down not long after the church was complete. Justinian again ordered the church's completion. The dome broke apart and has been rebuilt many times, but the walls and floor of the building are the same as those of Justinian's time. The decorations, including mosaics and frescoes, are mostly from the Middle Ages.

9. Amsterdam Amsterdam is the capital and largest city in the European country of the Netherlands. Amsterdam is famous for its canals and dikes. Unlike most other countries, the national government is not in Amsterdam, but in The Hague. About 838,000 people were living in Amsterdam in 2016. The city hosts two universities (the University of Amsterdam and the Free University Amsterdam) and an international airport "Schiphol Airport". About 2.2 million people live in the metropolitan area. The city of Amsterdam is the world's most multi-cultural city. It has people living there from 175 different countries. Like other big cities in the Netherlands and elsewhere in the world, Amsterdam is unfortunately subjected to many criminal activities. 10. The Caribbean The Caribbean is a beautiful place made up of many islands located in the Caribbean Sea. The Caribbean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean, and it is known for its crystal clear waters and stunning beaches. The islands in the Caribbean are known for their vibrant cultures, music, food, and fun activities. The Caribbean has a warm and sunny climate all year round, which makes it the perfect place for people to enjoy outdoor activities like swimming, snorkeling, and surfing. Each island has its own unique history and culture, which is reflected in the food, music, and customs. The Caribbean is home to many amazing animals and plants, including sea turtles, iguanas, and colorful birds. It's also known for its beautiful coral reefs, which provide a home for many different types of fish and other sea creatures. If you ever get the chance to visit the Caribbean, you will be amazed by the beauty of the islands and the warmth of the people who call it home.

11. Puerto Rico Puerto Rico is a beautiful island located in the Caribbean Sea. It is a territory of the United States, which means it is a part of the country but not a state. Puerto Rico has a rich history and culture, with a blend of Spanish, African, and Indigenous influences. The island is known for its beautiful beaches, tropical weather, and delicious food. Some popular dishes include arroz con gandules (rice with pigeon peas) and mofongo (a mashed plantain dish). Puerto Rico is also home to many famous landmarks, such as El Morro, a 16th-century fortress, and the Arecibo Observatory, a giant radio telescope that has been featured in movies like Contact and James Bond's GoldenEye. If you ever get a chance to visit Puerto Rico, you'll experience the warmth of its people, the beauty of its landscapes, and the richness of its culture. 12. New Delhi New Delhi is the capital city of India. It is a very special city because it is where the government of India is located. New Delhi is also home to many important landmarks and monuments. One of the most famous landmarks in New Delhi is the India Gate. This is a huge war memorial that was built to remember the Indian soldiers who fought and died in World War I. Another important monument is the Lotus Temple, which is a beautiful temple that is shaped like a lotus flower. New Delhi is also a very busy and vibrant city. It is home to many markets and shopping areas, where you can find all kinds of things to buy. There are also many restaurants and food stalls where you can try delicious Indian food. If you ever get a chance to visit India, be sure to visit New Delhi. It is a city full of history, culture, and excitement!

13.Syria Syria is a country in the Middle East that has a long and rich history. It is known for its ancient cities and stunning architecture, such as the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and the ancient ruins of Palmyra. Syria is also home to diverse cultures and traditions, including Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, and many more. The food in Syria is delicious, with dishes like hummus, falafel, and shawarma being popular all over the world. Syria is also home to many natural wonders, such as the Euphrates River and the Aleppo pine forests. The people of Syria are warm and welcoming, and they take pride in their country's history and culture. 13. The Balkans The Balkans is a region in Europe that includes countries like Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia. It's a beautiful place full of history, culture, and tradition. The Balkans have many different languages, religions, and ethnic groups. People have lived there for thousands of years, and each group has left its mark on the region. The Balkans have amazing food, like the Greek souvlaki, Serbian cevapi, and Bulgarian banitsa. The region is also known for its music, dance, and festivals, like the Bulgarian Kukeri festival or the Greek Zorba dance. However, the Balkans have also experienced conflicts and wars in the past. But, the people of the Balkans are resilient and have learned to live together in peace. Visiting the Balkans is an adventure, full of beautiful scenery, delicious food, and wonderful people.

15. Argentina Argentina is a beautiful country in South America. It is known for its delicious food, vibrant culture, and stunning landscapes. Argentina is the eighth largest country in the world and has a diverse climate, from the hot and humid jungle in the north to the icy glaciers in the south. The capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires, a lively city famous for its tango dancing and colorful neighborhoods. One of the most famous natural wonders in Argentina is Iguazu Falls, a breathtaking series of waterfalls that attracts visitors from all over the world. Argentina is also known for its delicious cuisine, including steak, empanadas, and mate, a traditional tea-like drink. Argentinians are passionate about sports, especially soccer, and have produced some of the world's greatest soccer players. Overall, Argentina is a fascinating and exciting country that is definitely worth visiting! 16.Tokyo Tokyo is the capital city of Japan, and it is a fascinating place to visit! With over 13 million people living in Tokyo, it is one of the busiest cities in the world. In Tokyo, you can visit many exciting places, such as the Tokyo Tower, which is a tall tower that provides amazing views of the city. You can also visit the Tsukiji Fish Market, where you can see all kinds of fish and seafood. Another exciting thing to do in Tokyo is to visit the famous Shibuya Crossing. It is one of the busiest intersections in the world, with people crossing the street in every direction. Tokyo is also known for its delicious food, such as sushi, ramen, and tempura. And if you like video games, Tokyo has many arcades where you can play all kinds of games. In conclusion, Tokyo is a vibrant and exciting city that has something for everyone to enjoy!

17.Nothern Ireland Northern Ireland is a small country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located in the northern part of the island of Ireland. The capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast, and it has a population of around 1.8 million people. Northern Ireland has a rich history and culture. It is known for its beautiful scenery, including the Giant's Causeway, a natural wonder made up of over 40,000 basalt columns. However, Northern Ireland has also had a troubled past, with a period of conflict known as the Troubles lasting from the 1960s to the 1990s. The conflict was between two groups with different beliefs about Northern Ireland's future, but thankfully, peace has now been achieved. Today, Northern Ireland is a vibrant and diverse country with lots to offer, including great food, music, and sports. If you ever get the chance to visit, you won't be disappointed 18. Canada Canada is a beautiful country located in North America. It is the second-largest country in the world, with many exciting places to visit. One of the most popular cities in Canada is Toronto. It is a bustling city with lots of tall buildings and fun things to do, like going to the zoo or visiting the CN Tower, which is the tallest freestanding structure in the Western Hemisphere. Another amazing place to visit in Canada is Banff National Park. It is located in the Rocky Mountains and has breathtaking views. You can go hiking, skiing, or simply enjoy the natural beauty of the park. Canada is also famous for its delicious food, like poutine, which is a dish made with french fries, cheese curds, and gravy.

19. Mexico Mexico is a beautiful country in North America, known for its rich culture and history. The capital city of Mexico is Mexico City, and Spanish is the official language. Mexico is famous for its delicious food, including tacos, burritos, and guacamole. Mexico is home to ancient ruins like the Chichen Itza, which was once a Mayan city. Visitors can also see the beautiful beaches of Cancun, Los Cabos, and Puerto Vallarta. Mexican people love music and dancing, and you might see them doing the traditional Mexican Hat Dance or listening to Mariachi music. Another important tradition in Mexico is the Day of the Dead celebration, where people honor and remember their loved ones who have passed away. Mexico is a wonderful country to visit, full of vibrant colors, exciting traditions, and friendly people. 20. Peru Peru is a beautiful country located in South America. It's famous for its ancient Inca ruins and amazing landscapes. One of the most well-known places in Peru is Machu Picchu, an ancient city that was built on top of a mountain by the Incas. Visitors from all over the world come to Peru to see this incredible place! Peru is also home to many other interesting cities, like Lima, the capital, and Cusco, another city with lots of history and culture. The people of Peru are known for their colorful clothing and lively music and dances. Peruvian food is also delicious and unique, with dishes like ceviche (fresh fish marinated in lime juice) and lomo saltado (a stir-fry dish made with beef and potatoes).

21. Mumbai Mumbai is a bustling city in India that is full of energy and excitement. It's also known as the financial capital of India. It's a city that never sleeps and is always on the go. Mumbai has some of the most amazing landmarks like the Gateway of India, the Marine Drive, and the iconic Taj Mahal Palace hotel. It is also home to the famous Bollywood film industry, which produces hundreds of movies each year. Mumbai is a city of diversity where people from different cultures, religions, and backgrounds live together in harmony. The food here is amazing, with lots of delicious street food options like Vada Pav, Pani Puri, and Bhel Puri. 22. Tanzania Tanzania is a beautiful country located in East Africa. It is known for its stunning wildlife and diverse culture. Tanzania is home to some of the world's most famous national parks, including the Serengeti and the Ngorongoro Crater. These parks are home to a wide range of animals such as lions, elephants, zebras, and giraffes. Tanzania is also home to many different tribes, each with their own unique traditions and customs. Some of the most well-known tribes include the Maasai and the Chaga. The people of Tanzania are very friendly and welcoming to visitors, and they love to share their culture with others. The official language of Tanzania is Swahili, but many people also speak English. Tanzanian food is delicious and includes dishes like ugali, a type of cornmeal porridge, and pilau, a spiced rice dish.

23. Zambia Zambia is a beautiful country located in the southern part of Africa. It is known as the "real Africa" because of its breathtaking landscapes, wildlife, and culture. Zambia is home to the mighty Victoria Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in the world. The country also has many national parks where you can see elephants, lions, giraffes, and many other animals. People in Zambia are friendly and welcoming, and they love music and dancing. One of the country's most popular dances is called the "Zambezi," which is performed during festivals and celebrations. Zambia is a landlocked country, which means it doesn't have access to the sea. However, it has many rivers and lakes, including the Zambezi River, which is the fourth longest river in Africa. If you ever get the chance to visit Zambia, you'll be sure to have a fantastic time exploring its natural wonders and experiencing its vibrant culture. 24. Pakistan Pakistan is a beautiful country located in South Asia. It is home to over 220 million people, making it the fifth most populous country in the world. The country is full of diverse landscapes, ranging from the towering mountains of the Himalayas to the vast deserts of Balochistan. Pakistan is rich in culture and history, with ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley Civilization dating back over 5,000 years. The country has a rich culinary heritage, with delicious dishes like biryani, kebabs, and samosas. Islam is the main religion in Pakistan, and the country has many beautiful mosques and shrines. People are warm and hospitable, and family is a very important aspect of Pakistani culture. Pakistan has made significant progress in recent years, with advancements in education, healthcare, and technology. The country is also known for its love of cricket and has produced some of the best players in the world.

25. Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur is a big city in a country called Malaysia. It is the capital city, which means it is very important. Many people live and work there. The weather is hot and sometimes it rains a lot. There are tall buildings and beautiful parks in the city. One famous building is the Petronas Twin Towers. They are very tall and shiny, like two silver pencils. You can go up and see the city from high up. There is also a big bird park, where you can see colorful birds and pretty flowers. People in Kuala Lumpur speak different languages, like Malay, English, and Chinese. They are friendly and like to help each other. They enjoy eating yummy food from many countries. You can find tasty noodles, rice, and fruits at the markets and restaurants. If you visit Kuala Lumpur, you can have lots of fun. You can see amazing sights, try new foods, and make new friends. 26. Barcelona Barcelona is a big, pretty city in Spain. It is near the sea and has many fun things to do. The weather is often sunny and warm. There are lots of special buildings in Barcelona. A famous artist named Gaudí made some of them. His most famous building is called La Sagrada Familia. It is a big church that has been built for a very long time. Barcelona has a big street called La Rambla. People like to walk there, see shops, and eat yummy food. There is also a big, colorful market called La Boqueria where you can find fruits, vegetables, and other tasty things. In Barcelona, people love to play soccer. There is a big stadium called Camp Nou where a team named FC Barcelona plays. Many people go to watch the games and cheer for their team. Barcelona is a happy city with friendly people. It is a great place to visit and have a good time.

27. Paris Paris is a big and beautiful city in France. It is the capital, which means it is the most important city in the country. Many people live and work there. Paris is famous for its lovely buildings, parks, and museums. People from all over the world come to visit Paris and see these places. One famous place in Paris is the Eiffel Tower. It is a tall, iron tower that was built a long time ago. People can go up the tower and look at the city from high up. It is very pretty, especially at night when it sparkles with lights. Another special place in Paris is called the Louvre. It is a big museum with many famous artworks, like the Mona Lisa. People love to see these paintings and learn about art. In Paris, there are also many delicious foods to try, like croissants and crepes. People sit in cafes to eat and watch the world go by. Paris is a wonderful city to visit and explore. 28. South Africa South Africa is a big and beautiful country at the bottom of Africa. It has many different people and languages. The colors on its flag are red, green, blue, black, white, and yellow. These colors show that the people of South Africa come together as one big family. There are many wild animals in South Africa. You can see lions, elephants, zebras, and more in big parks called game reserves. The weather is warm and sunny most of the time. People in South Africa love sports. They like to play soccer, rugby, and cricket. Sometimes, they have big games called matches. Many people come to watch and cheer. There are big cities, like Johannesburg and Cape Town. Cape Town has a huge mountain called Table Mountain. It is flat like a table on top. People can take a cable car up the mountain and look at the city below

29. Montenegro Montenegro is a small, beautiful country in Europe. It is next to the big sea called the Mediterranean Sea. Montenegro has tall mountains, pretty beaches, and deep blue water. The weather is nice and warm most of the time. A lot of people there speak a language called Montenegrin. But, some people also speak other languages like Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian. They use money called the Euro, just like in many other countries in Europe. In Montenegro, you can find old buildings and interesting history. One famous place is called Kotor. It has strong walls and pretty streets. People like to visit this town and learn about its past. Montenegro is a great place to have fun outdoors. You can hike in the mountains, swim in the sea, or sail on a boat. The people are friendly and love to share their culture and food with visitors. 30. Kuwait Kuwait is a small country in the Middle East. It is next to the Persian Gulf and has neighbors like Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The weather in Kuwait is very hot in the summer and a bit cool in the winter. Most people in Kuwait speak Arabic, and their money is called Kuwaiti Dinar. Kuwait City is the capital and the biggest city of the country. Lots of people live and work there. There are tall buildings, shopping malls, and fun places to visit. One of the famous places is the Kuwait Towers. They are very tall and pretty. You can see the whole city from the top. In Kuwait, people like to eat tasty food like machboos, which is rice with meat or fish, and drink Arabic coffee. They also love to spend time with their families and friends. Kuwait celebrates its National Day on February 25th every year. People come together and have parties, watch fireworks, and enjoy their time.