CORE STRUCTURE

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) Word Order: 나는 사과를 먹는다. (I eat an apple.) Honorifics: 선생님, 오늘 무슨 공부를 하셨습니까? (Teacher, what did you study today?) Particles (subject, object, location, direction, etc.): 나는 학교에 간다. (I am going to school.) Conjugation (tense, formality, honorifics): 가다 → 갑니다 (to go → goes, formal) Verb Endings: 공부하다 → 공부해요 (to study → study, present tense) Adjectives (descriptive, predicative): 이 책은 재미있어요. (This book is interesting.) Adverbs: 빨리 달립니다. (He runs quickly.) Comparisons: 이 책이 저보다 더 비싸요. (This book is more expensive than that one.) Tense Markers: 가다 → 갈 거예요 (to go → will go) Question Particles: 뭐 해? (What are you doing?) Connectives: 그래서, 그러나, 그리고 (So, but, and) Conjunctions: 그러면, 하지만, 그런데 (Then, however, but) Conditional Sentences: -면, -으면, -으면 (if, when, unless) Negation: 안 가요 (don't go) Causative Form: 친구에게 그 책을 읽이다. (Make my friend read the book.) Passive Voice: 사과가 먹혔다. (The apple was eaten.) Causative-Passive Voice: 사과가 나에게 먹이다. (Make me eat the apple.) Direct and Indirect Speech: "나는 공부해요," 그는 말했다. (I study," he said.) Imperatives: 가세요! (Please go!) Prohibitions: 가지 마세요! (Don't go!) Reasons and Purposes: 공원에 가기 위해서 운동해요. (I exercise to go to the park.) Sequential Actions: 밥을 먹고 책을 읽어요. (I eat and then read a book.) Concessive Clauses: 비가 오지만 나는 나갔어요. (It's raining, but I went out.) Expressing Obligation: 깨끗이 청소해야 해요. (You must clean thoroughly.) Expressing Possibility: 비가 올 수도 있어요. (It might rain.) Expressing Ability: 뛸 수 있어요. (I can run.) Expressing Necessity: 학교에 가야 돼요. (I have to go to school.) Expressing Permission: 가도 돼요. (You can go.) Expressing Request: 도와주세요! (Please help!) Expressing Intention: 여행을 가려고 해요. (I intend to travel.) Expressing Supposition: 비가 올 거예요. (It will probably rain.) Expressing Hypothetical Situations: 만약에 가면, 도와줄게요. (If you go, I will help you.) Expressing Regret: 아쉽게도 그 영화를 못 봤어요. (Unfortunately, I couldn't watch that movie.) Expressing Exclamation: 어머나! (Oh my!) Expressing Volition: 내일 놀러 가고 싶어요. (I want to go out tomorrow.) Expressing Agreement and Disagreement: 네, 그렇습니다. / 아니요, 그렇지 않습니다. (Yes, that's correct. / No, that's not correct.) Expressing Uncertainty: 아마 그렇겠죠. (Maybe, I guess.) Expressing Emphasis: 정말 좋아요! (Really good!) Expressing Completion: 다 먹었어요. (I finished eating.) Expressing Progression: 더 먹고 있어요. (I am still eating.) Expressing Experience: 한국에 와 본 적 있어요. (I have been to Korea.) Expressing Repetition: 매일 운동해요. (I exercise every day.) Expressing Contrast: 그는 작지만 용감해요. (He is small but brave.) Expressing Purpose: 이 책을 읽으러 왔어요. (I came to read this book.) Expressing Similarity: 그 책은 내가 쓴 것처럼 재미있어요. (That book is interesting like something I wrote.) Expressing Addition: 사과를 사고, 바나나도 샀어요. (I bought apples and also bananas.) Expressing Concession: 비가 왔지만, 나는 나갔어요. (It rained, but I went out.) Expressing Comparison: 그 책은 이 책보다 비싸요. (That book is more expensive than this one.) **Expressing Cause and Effect Expressing Cause and Effect: 비가 왔으니 우산을 가져가세요. (It's raining, so please take an umbrella.) Expressing Cause and Effect (continued): 공부를 열심히 했기 때문에 시험에서 잘 봤어요. (Because I studied hard, I did well on the exam.)