All tenses

Simple present tense A sentence is presented in simple present tense when it is used to describe an action that's happening at present and does not indicate when the action is expected to end. Simple present tense is used when: * The action that is taking place in general. * The action is not only occurring now; it repeats after regular intervals of time. * To indicate facts those are generally true. * The action for relating habits and routines that happen all the time, be it in the future, past or present. Examples * I play tennis. * She does not play tennis. * Does he play tennis? * The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. * The train does not leave at 9 AM. * When does the train usually leave? * She always forgets her purse. * He never forgets his wallet. * Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. * Does the Sun circle the Earth? Structure [VERB] + s/es in third person * If subject is 3rd person singular. * The verb is used in its original form; * If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person singular. * If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person plural. * If subject is 3rd person plural. Common mistakes Common mistakes Correct version Why? I working in London. I work in London. The gerund ing form is not used in the present simple. He work in London. He works in London. The third person he, she, it adds the letter s. He work in London? Does he work in London? Questions - third person: does + subject + infinitive. All other persons: do + subject + infinitive. Work he in London? Does he work in London? Questions - third person: does + subject + infinitive. All other persons: do + subject + infinitive. He not work in London. He doesn't work in London. Negatives - third person: subject + doesn't + infinitive. All other persons: subject + don't + infinitive. Most verbs conjugate like the verb "run" below. Notice how you add an "s" to third-person forms. Third-person negative forms and third-person questions are made using "does." Positive Negative Question I work in a bank. I don't (do not) work in a bank. Do you work in a bank? He works in a bank. He doesn't (does not) work in a bank. Does he work in a bank? I run I do not run. Do I run? You run. You do not run. Do you run? We run. We do not run. Do we run? They run. They do not run. Do they run? He runs. He does not run. Does he run? She runs. She does not run. Does she run? It runs It does not run. Does it run? Instead of "s," "es" is added to positive, third-person forms of verbs ending with the following sounds: s, z, sh, ch, j or zs (as in Zsa Zsa). These special "es"-forms have been marked below with an asterisk*. Positive Negative Question I rush I do not rush. DoI rush? You rush You do not rush. Do you rush? We rush We do not rush Do we rush? They rush. They do not rush Do they rush? He rushes. * He does not rush Does he rush? She rushes. * She does not rush. Does she rush? It rushes. * It does not rush Does it rush? To Have The verb "have" is irregular in positive, third-person forms. This irregular form has been marked below with an asterisk*. Positive Negative Question I have I do not have. Do I have? You have You do not have. Do you have? We have We do not have. Do we have? They have They do not have. Do they have? He has He does not have. Does he have? She has She does not have. Does she have? It has It does not have. Does it have? To Be The verb "be" is irregular in the Simple Present. It also has different question forms and negative forms. Positive Negative Question I am I am not Am I? You are You are not. Are you? We are We are not. Are we? They are They are not. Are they? He is He is not. Is he? She is She is not. Is she? It is It is not. Is it? Modal Verbs Modal verbs behave differently from other verbs. Notice that they do not take "s" in the third person - there is no difference between first-person, second-person or third-person forms. Like the verb "be" described above, modal verbs also have different question forms and negative forms in Simple Present. Positive Negative Question I should go I should not go Should I go? You should go You should not go. Should you go? We should go We should not go. They should go They should not go. Should they go? He should go He should not go. Should he go? She should go She should not go. Should she go? It should go It should not go. Should it go? Repeated Actions Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. Examples: * I play tennis. * She does not play tennis. * Does he play tennis? * The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. * The train does not leave at 9 AM. * When does the train usually leave? * She always forgets her purse. * He never forgets his wallet. * Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. * Does the Sun circle the Earth? Facts or Generalizations The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. Examples: * Cats like milk. * Birds do not like milk. * Do pigs like milk? * California is in America. * California is not in the United Kingdom. * Windows are made of glass. * Windows are not made of wood. * New York is a small city. Scheduled Events in the Near Future Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples: * The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. * The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. * When do we board the plane? * The party starts at 8 o'clock. * When does class begin tomorrow? Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs. Examples: * I am here now. * She is not here now. * He needs help right now. * He does not need help now. * He has his passport in his hand. * Do you have your passport with you? ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: * You only speak English. * Do you only speak English? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: * Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active * Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom.

Simple present countinuous tense 😬 Though the simple present and present continuous tenses are used interchangeably, present continuous usually defines an act that is going on at the time of speaking. The sentences with present progressive tense are used when: * Something is taking place now, while speaking and has a definite end as well. * When something is already decided and arranged as well to perform it. * To indicate an undesirable habit. Examples * You are learning English now. * You are not swimming now. * Are you sleeping? * I am sitting. * I am not standing. * Is he sitting or standing? * They are reading their books. * They are not watching television. * What are you doing? * Why aren't you doing your homework? Structure [am/is/are + present participle] * Use first form of the verb +ing * Singular 3rd person subject use is * Plural 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and singular 2nd person subject use are * 1st person singular use am In other words, it is "Subject + be (is, am, are) + Verb+ -ing + Object" Positive, Negative, Question Forms Positive Negative Question I'm (I am) reading a book. I'm (I am) not reading. Am I reading? You're (you are) reading. You're (you are) not reading. Are you reading? We're (we are) reading. We're (we are) not reading. Are we reading? They're (they are) reading. They're (they are) not reading. Are they reading? He's (he is) reading a book. He's not / he isn't (he is not) reading. Is he reading? She's (she is) reading a book. She's not / she isn't (she is not) reading. Is she reading? It's (it is) raining. It's not / it isn't (it is not) raining. Is it raining? Present Continous - Common Mistakes Common mistakes Correct version Why? They still waiting for you. They are still waiting for you. to form a continuous tense we use be + -ing. They are still waiting for you? Are they still waiting for you? In questions the subject (they) and the auxiliary verb (be) change places. Do they still waiting for you? Are they still waiting for you? Where they are waiting for you? Where are they waiting for you? She doesn't watching TV. She isn't watching TV. To form the negative we put notafter the verb be (am not, is not = isn't, are not = aren't). I'm believing you . I believe you. Some verbs are not used in continuous tenses - these are called stative verbs (e.g. believe, come from, cost, depend, exist, feel, hate, like). Now Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now. Examples: * You are learning English now. * You are not swimming now. * Are you sleeping? * I am sitting. * I am not standing. * Is he sitting or standing? * They are reading their books. * They are not watching television. * What are you doing? * Why aren't you doing your homework? Longer Actions in Progress Now In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second. Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.) * I am studying to become a doctor. * I am not studying to become a dentist. * I am reading the book Tom Sawyer. * I am not reading any books right now. * Are you working on any special projects at work? * Aren't you teaching at the university now? Near Future Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future. Examples: * I am meeting some friends after work. * I am not going to the party tonight. * Is he visiting his parents next weekend? * Isn't he coming with us tonight? Repetition and Irritation with "Always" The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing." Examples: * She is always coming to class late. * He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up. * I don't like them because they are always complaining. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present. Examples: * She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct * She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: * You are still watching TV. * Are you still watching TV? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: * Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active * Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive