All of the Irregular Verbs

1. Verbs That Do Not Change (Base Form = Past Simple = Past Participle) These verbs remain the same in all three forms: Bet → bet → bet Broadcast → broadcast → broadcast Burst → burst → burst Cast → cast → cast Cost → cost → cost Cut → cut → cut Hit → hit → hit Hurt → hurt → hurt Let → let → let Put → put → put Set → set → set Shut → shut → shut Split → split → split Spread → spread → spread Upset → upset → upset Example: "She hit the ball." / "He has hit the ball." 2. Verbs with Identical Past Simple and Past Participle Forms These verbs have the same form for both the past simple and past participle, but a different base form: Bring → brought → brought Build → built → built Buy → bought → bought Catch → caught → caught Feel → felt → felt Find → found → found Get → got → got Have → had → had Hear → heard → heard Hold → held → held Keep → kept → kept Lead → led → led Leave → left → left Lose → lost → lost Make → made → made Meet → met → met Pay → paid → paid Say → said → said Sell → sold → sold Send → sent → sent Sit → sat → sat Sleep → slept → slept Spend → spent → spent Stand → stood → stood Teach → taught → taught Tell → told → told Think → thought → thought Win → won → won Example: "They built a house." / "The house was built last year." 3. Verbs with Distinct Base, Past Simple, and Past Participle Forms These verbs have unique forms for each tense: Be → was/were → been Begin → began → begun Bite → bit → bitten Blow → blew → blown Break → broke → broken Choose → chose → chosen Come → came → come Do → did → done Draw → drew → drawn Drink → drank → drunk Drive → drove → driven Eat → ate → eaten Fall → fell → fallen Fly → flew → flown Forget → forgot → forgotten Forgive → forgave → forgiven Freeze → froze → frozen Give → gave → given Go → went → gone Grow → grew → grown Know → knew → known Lie (recline) → lay → lain Ride → rode → ridden Ring → rang → rung Rise → rose → risen See → saw → seen Shake → shook → shaken Sing → sang → sung Sink → sank → sunk Speak → spoke → spoken Steal → stole → stolen Swear → swore → sworn Swim → swam → swum Take → took → taken Tear → tore → torn Throw → threw → thrown Wake → woke → woken Wear → wore → worn Write → wrote → written Example: "She wrote a letter." / "The letter was written yesterday." 4. Verbs with Alternative Forms Some verbs have both regular and irregular forms, or variations based on dialect: Burn → burned/burnt → burned/burnt Dream → dreamed/dreamt → dreamed/dreamt Learn → learned/learnt → learned/learnt Smell → smelled/smelt → smelled/smelt Spell → spelled/spelt → spelled/spelt Spill → spilled/spilt → spilled/spilt Spoil → spoiled/spoilt → spoiled/spoilt Note: In American English, the regular forms (e.g., "learned") are more common, while in British English, the irregular forms (e.g., "learnt") are often used.