𝑨𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈

ＶＯＣＡＢＵＬＡＲＹ 1. inflation (noun) - an increase in the prices of goods and services example: During the recession in the early 1980s, inflation in the US briefly reached 13.5% 2. component (noun) - one of the parts from which a machine, system, etc. is made example: Most computer components are now produced in Asia 3. satellite (noun) - a device sent into space that travels around Earth sending and receiving information example: There are thousand of satellites in orbit around Earth. 4. detect (verb) - to discover or identify something example: This machine is used to detect metal objects. 5. sensor (noun) - a device that measures or reacts to heat, movement, light, etc. example: The sensor in the smartwatch can feel your pulse.

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮ 1. What are your thoughts on Apple's new products? 2. Which of the features mentioned in the article do you find most exciting? 3. Why do you think iPhone has outsold its competitors in recent months.

𝐕𝐎𝐂𝐀𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐘 1. productive (adjective) - doing a lot or achieving good results 2. afford (verb) - to have enough money to buy something 3. equipment (noun) - the tools, devices, etc. needed for a particular job or activity 4. monitor (noun) - a screen for displaying information from a computer 5. organize (verb) - to plan or arrange an activity, event, etc. 6. distracted (adjective) - unable to concentrate because one is thinking about or doing something else

𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 1. Getting your workspace set up right is important when your home is your office. Here are three ideas to help you create a space that makes you feel more productive. 2. Have the right equipment It's important to feel comfortable when you're working from home, so think about spending a little extra money on a good desk and chair. If you can afford it, try a standing desk, since sitting for too many hours can be bad for your health. 3. Also, why not try a second computer monitor if you spend a lot of time checking different websites or documents? This will help you organize your tasks better so you can get through them faster. 4. Create a space with natural light Office lights that are too bright can affect your sleep and cause headaches. However, not having enough light can hurt your eyes and make you feel sleepy. 5. So, natural light is best. But if you work later in the day or can't set up your home office near a window, try getting a daylight lamp, which creates light that's very similar to natural daylight. 6. Stay away from distractions It's easy to get distracted when you're working from home. There's always cleaning to do, a dog to walk, or some other worry. 7. So what you need is a quiet corner to work in — or better yet, a clean, organized room where you can close the door.

𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐔𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 1. Do you ever work from home? If so, do you enjoy it more than working in an office? If not, do you think you'd enjoy it? 2. When are you generally most productive at work? 3. What do you find most distracting while at work? 4. What would you say is the biggest benefit of working from home?

ＶＯＣＡＢＵＬＡＲＹ 1. taste (noun) - a short experience of something 2. luxury (noun) - a state of great wealth and comfort 3. rare (adjective) - not happening, done, found, etc. very often or in large numbers 4. strand (noun) - a thin length of a material 5. spice (noun) - a seed, powder, etc. used to add flavor to food 6. digest (verb) - to break food down in the body

1. Everyone wants a taste of luxury occasionally, and there are lots of ingredients that can give you just that — if you have the money. Here are some of the world's most expensive ingredients. 2. White Caviar Caviar, the salted eggs of the sturgeon fish, is well-known for being pricey. But of all the different types, the most expensive is white caviar. Iranian beluga white caviar only comes from rare albino beluga sturgeons when they are between 60 and 100 years old. It has the Guinness world record for most expensive food, at $34,500 a kilogram. 3. Balsamic Vinegar of Modena This vinegar has been made only in the Italian provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia for hundreds of years. The Giusti family, who have been making balsamic vinegar since 1605, sell 100-year-old vinegar that's kept in barrels from the 1700s. It can cost over $10,000 for one liter. 4. Saffron Another ingredient famous for being expensive, Saffron takes a lot of work to grow, with one crocus flower only growing three strands of the spice. That means it takes over 370,000 flowers to make one kilogram, which is why that amount costs around $10,000. 5. Moose Cheese Only one company in the world makes moose cheese, and that's The Elk House in Sweden — where moose are called elk. Only three moose, named Gullan, Haelga, and Juno are used to make the cheese, which can sell for over $1,000 a kilogram. 6. Gold Not only is it one of the most expensive metals, gold can be an ingredient too! Edible gold is safe to eat, although you can't digest it. Used in luxury foods and drinks, it's even more expensive than normal gold, at almost $300,000 per kilogram.

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮ 1. Have you tried any of the ingredients mentioned in the article? If so, how did you find it? If not, which would you like to try? 2. Do you often cook for yourself? If so, what ingredients or spices do you use the most? If not, why not? 3. Do you know of any foods or drinks that are produced only in your country? Please explain your answer. 4. Which of your friends and family would you say is the best cook? Please explain your answer. 5. What's the best meal you've had recently? Please explain your answer. 6. How often do you eat out? Do you have a favorite restaurant?

ＶＯＣＡＢＵＬＡＲＹ 1. calm (adjective) - not showing or feeling anger, worry, or any strong emotion 2. meditate (verb) - to relax and focus one's mind for a period of time 3. distraction (noun) - something that stops a person from being too concentrated or focused 4. interrupt (verb) - to stop something from happening for a short period of time 5. progress (noun) - the process of developing, improving, etc.

1. Studies have shown that meditation has many health benefits, such as better sleep, less stress and more focus. A study from the University of California, Los Angeles, found that it may even protect the brain from aging. Here’s how to get started. 2. Choose the right place Before you start, choose a good place to meditate. It’s best not to have any distractions in the room. If you can, choose a time when you won’t get interrupted. 3. Get comfortable You can sit on the floor or in a chair. Sit up straight and make sure you’re as comfortable as possible. You can keep your eyes open, but many people find it easier to focus with their eyes closed. 4. Focus on breathing There are many different types of meditation, but one of the easiest for beginners is to just focus on your breathing. Breathe slowly through your nose and try to clear your mind. If you find it hard to focus, you can count each breath. 5. Meditate every day Although one day of meditation can help you relax, you’ll start to see the real health benefits when you do it every day. Start by meditating for three to five minutes and slowly increase the time. You can try to do this every morning to start your day. 6. Use a meditation app Meditation apps, like Headspace and Calm, help you record your progress. They also have guided meditations where you can follow a meditation teacher.

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮ 1. Would you be interested in trying a guided meditation? Why? Why not? 2. What other activities do you imagine protect the brain from aging? 3. What would you say is the key to living a long and healthy life? 4. What's your favorite way to relax when you're feeling stressed? 5. What do you think is the goal of meditation?

1. suggested - put forward an idea for people to think about 2. worshipper - a person who shows reverence and adoration for a deity or person 3. substituting - replacing someone or something with another 4. encouraged - given support, confidence, or hope to someone 5. adoption - the act of raising another person's child and bringing it up as our own 6. detrimental - tending to cause harm 7. superior - higher in rank, status, or quality 8. demographic - relating to the structure of population 9. contradiction - a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another 10. phenomenon - a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question

https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2201/220110-pets-and-children.html The Pope has suggested that people who choose to have pets instead of children were acting selfishly. Pope Francis was addressing worshippers in Rome. He told his audience that substituting children for pets was a "denial of fatherhood and motherhood". He added: "Today, we see a form of selfishness. We see that some people do not want to have a child. Sometimes they have just one, and that's it, but they have dogs and cats that take the place of children." Pope Francis encouraged couples to adopt children. He said: "We must not be afraid to choose the path of adoption, to take the risk of welcoming children. Having a child is always a risk, but there is more risk in not having a child." It is not the first time Pope Francis has spoken out on this topic. In 2014, he said choosing pets over children was detrimental to our future. He called it a "phenomenon of cultural degradation". He commented that the emotional relationship with pets was "easier" than the "complex" relationship with children. In continuing this theme, he called the downward trend in birth rates across many countries a "demographic winter". Not everyone agrees with the Pope's comments. The New York Post pointed out the contradiction of Francis taking his name from St. Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals. It added: "Dogs make us more human. They make us better. Dogs, I think, are superior to most people."

1. Where did the Pope address worshippers? 2. What did the Pope say about substituting children for pets was? 3. What did the Pope say we see today? 4. What path did the Pope encourage couples to follow? 5. What did the Pope say was riskier than having children? 6. What did Pope Francis call the downward trend in birth rates? 7. Who was the patron saint of animals? 8. What did a journalist say dogs make us?

𝐕𝐎𝐂𝐀𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐘 1. dominate (verb) - having power and influence over. 2. emerge (verb) -to become known 3. cyber-criminal (noun) -a person who engages in criminal activity by means of computers or the internet. 4. clarion call (noun phrase) - a strongly expressed demand or request for action. 5. digital detox (noun phrase) - a period of time during which a person refrains from using electronic devices such as smartphones or computers, regarded as an opportunity to reduce stress or focus on social interaction in the physical world. 6. bygone (adjective) - belonging to an earlier time. 7. catalyst (noun) - an agent that provokes or speeds significant change or action 8. ample (adjective) - enough or more than enough; plentiful 9. nomophobia (noun) - a psychological condition when people have a fear of being detached from mobile phone connectivity. 10. absorbed (adjective) - having one's attention fully engaged; greatly interested.

https://breakingnewsenglish.com/ Digital devices are increasingly 𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 our lives these days. Many, if not most of us are addicted to them. New studies 𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞 with alarming frequency about the dangers to our physical and mental health of being glued to our small screens. Children are not exercising; people are worrying about their body image because of online pressure from "perfect body" sites; and people are being bullied (or worse) by 𝐜𝐲𝐛𝐞𝐫-𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐬. In a study of 1,000 adults in Japan, researchers discovered that nearly 50 percent of the participants were addicted to their smartphones, but were unaware of their smartphone dependence. The study is one of many 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 for "digital detox" to become part of our lives. The practice of 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐨𝐱 involves switching off from the Internet to enjoy something called "real life". This involves the 𝐛𝐲𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐞 customs of conversing with people face to face and "doing everyday stuff". The organisation Digital Detox Japan said: "We want detox to be a 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 for people to rethink their distance from their devices…to set aside time to get 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 rest." People need to rely less on devices to avoid the new phenomenon of "𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐚" – NO MObile PHOBIA. Psychologist Dr. Kia-Rai Prewitt warned of the dangers of being too 𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐛𝐞𝐝 in smartphones. She wrote: "If you ignore responsibilities at home or work because of the amount of time you spend online, then consider a digital detox."

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐇𝐄𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 (Answer in complete sentences.) 1. What are becoming increasingly dominant in our lives? 2. What are we being glued to? 3. What are children not doing? 4. How many people took part in a survey on smartphones? 5. What does the article say should become part of our lives? 6. What does the article say we should enjoy when detoxing? 7. What does the article say is a bygone custom? 8. What did an organization say we needed more time for? 9. What is the name of a new condition caused by having no phone?

𝐕𝐎𝐂𝐀𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐘 1. surge (noun) - a sudden powerful forward or upward movement 2. skyrocket (verb) - to increase rapidly 3. seek (verb) - to find something 4. trend (noun) - a general direction in which something is developing or changing 5. key (adjective) - of great importance 6. overwhelming (adjective) - very great in amount 7. exacerbated (verb) - to make something worse

Rates of depression among college students have 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝 in the past decade. A new study from Boston University reports that the number of students experiencing anxiety or depression more than doubled between 2013 and 2021. They found that the number of students suffering from anxiety jumped by 110 percent. The number of students with depression 𝐬𝐤𝐲𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐝 by 135 percent over the eight-year period of the study. In 2021, over 60 percent of students met the criteria for having some form of mental illness. This is double the rate from eight years ago. Alarm bells are now ringing among mental health therapists. However, the number of students 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 therapy has fallen by 18 percent. Rates of depression among students had been on an upward 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝 even before 2013. Researcher Dr. Sarah Lipson said: "College is a 𝐤𝐞𝐲 developmental time. The age of 𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐭 for lifetime mental health problems also directly coincides with traditional college years." She said: "Living in a new setting, and away from home, can often create 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 and stressful circumstances." She added that 75 percent of lifetime mental health problems will be present in people by the age of 24. Dr. Lipson cited the COVID-19 pandemic, the loneliness of lockdowns, and school closures as factors that 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 this mental health crisis. Many students fear for their future, which they see as being increasingly full of uncertainty.

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐇𝐄𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 (Answer in complete sentences.) 1. Which university conducted this study? 2. By how much did the number of students with anxiety increase? 3. Over what time span did the study take place? 4. What does the article say is ringing with therapists? 5. What was the drop in the number of students seeking therapy? 6. Where had rates of depression been going before 2013? 7. What did a doctor say was a key developmental time? 8. What did the doctor say could be overwhelmingly stressful? 9. By what age might 75% of lifetime mental health problems be in people? 10. What do many students view their future as being?