Grammar

1. Simple Present tense: Active: Subject + verb(s) + object Passive: Object + am/is/are + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: They handle customer inquiries. Passive: Customer inquiries are handled (by them). 2. Present Continuous tense: Active: Subject + am/is/are + verb(-ing) + object Passive: Object + am/is/are + being + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: Tom is writing a report. Passive: A report is being written (by Tom). 3. Simple Past tense: Active: Subject + verb-ed/-d + object Passive: Object + was/were + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: She baked a cake. Passive: A cake was baked (by her). 4. Past Continuous tense: Active: Subject + was/were + verb(-ing) + object Passive: Object + was/were + being + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: They were discussing the plan. Passive: The plan was being discussed (by them). 5. Present Perfect tense: Active: Subject + has/have + past participle + object Passive: Object + has/have + been + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: Mary has written the report. Passive: The report has been written (by Mary). 6. Past Perfect tense: Active: Subject + had + past participle + object Passive: Object + had + been + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: John had finished the work. Passive: The work had been finished (by John). 7. Future Simple tense: Active: Subject + will + verb + object Passive: Object + will + be + past participle (by subject) Example: Active: They will complete the task. Passive: The task will be completed (by them).

1. Simple Present tense: Active: He delivers the packages. Passive: The packages are delivered by him. 2. Present Continuous tense: Active: She is cooking dinner. Passive: Dinner is being cooked by her. 3. Simple Past tense: Active: They repaired the car. Passive: The car was repaired by them. 4. Past Continuous tense: Active: We were painting the room. Passive: The room was being painted by us. 5. Present Perfect tense: Active: Sarah has finished her work. Passive: Her work has been finished by Sarah. 6. Past Perfect tense: Active: Jason had solved the problem. Passive: The problem had been solved by Jason. 7. Future Simple tense: Active: They will build a new bridge. Passive: A new bridge will be built by them.

1. Sentences without a direct object: In order to form a passive construction, you need a transitive verb, which requires a direct object to receive the action. Sentences without a direct object cannot be converted directly into the passive voice. Example: He ran. 2. Sentences with intransitive verbs: Intransitive verbs do not take direct objects, so they cannot be transformed into the passive voice. Example: The bird sings. 3. Sentences with reflexive pronouns: Reflexive pronouns, such as myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, etc., are used when the subject and object refer to the same entity. These sentences cannot be converted to passive voice as the reflexive pronoun does not have a passive form. Example: I hurt myself. 4. Sentences with certain phrasal verbs: Some phrasal verbs have a fixed structure and cannot be changed into the passive voice. Example: She put on her coat. 5. Sentences with state-of-being verbs: Sentences containing state-of-being verbs like "be," "am," "is," "are," "was," "were," "being," "been" indicate a state or condition rather than an action, and they generally cannot be converted into the passive voice. Example: The boy is happy.

1. Transitive Verbs: Transitive verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning. They express an action that is done to someone or something. The direct object receives the action of the verb. Here are some examples of transitive verbs: - She ate an apple. (The verb "ate" is transitive, and "an apple" is the direct object.) - He built a house. (The verb "built" is transitive, and "a house" is the direct object.) - They wrote a letter. (The verb "wrote" is transitive, and "a letter" is the direct object.) 2. Intransitive Verbs: Intransitive verbs do not require a direct object to complete their meaning. They express an action that does not require an object to receive the action. Here are some examples of intransitive verbs: - She danced gracefully. (The verb "danced" is intransitive and does not require a direct object.) - The bird flew away. (The verb "flew" is intransitive and does not require a direct object.) - He laughed loudly. (The verb "laughed" is intransitive and does not require a direct object.) It's important to note that some verbs can function as both transitive and intransitive, depending on how they are used in a sentence. For example: - She walked to the store. (Intransitive: "walked" does not require a direct object.) - She walked her dog. (Transitive: "walked" requires a direct object, "her dog".)

Transitive Verbs: Write, eat, paint, cook, read, build, drive, buy, teach, tell, open, sing, kick, draw, fix, throw, complete, follow, plant, love, watch, hit, carry, catch, clean, take, give, play, send, move, break, design, answer, solve, win, help, find, support, remember, invite, notice, drive, paint, develop, change, create, plan, fix, cut, discover, present, introduce, organize, clean, analyze, examine, fulfill, attack, prove, solve, direct, accomplish, collect, cook, attack, program, support, recommend, implement, consult, facilitate, select, hire, train, evaluate, recognize, manage, explore, assign, guide, measure, organize, establish, promote, advise, determine, conduct, operate, inform, estimate, utilize, secure, exhibit, oversee, approve, negotiate, maintain, function, supervise, assess, construct, mold, navigate, recite, disassemble, exchange, influence, disclose, enlighten, imagine, govern, demolish, summon, inspire, sculpt, propose, circulate, mimic, dominate, emphasize, stimulate, retrieve, pioneer, administer, initiate, sculpt, navigate, invade, remit, incarcerate, overhaul, progress. Intransitive Verbs: Sleep, laugh, run, sing, dance, swim, jump, cry, walk, talk, listen, stand, sit, appear, arrive, disappear, fall, rise, shine, happen, occur, change, grow, melt, evaporate, relax, vanish, snow, wait, sneeze, smile, scream, whisper, climb, fly, jog, skip, burst, propel, wander, rejoice, faint, sleep, evolve, expand, disperse, flourish, retreat, emerge, drift, accelerate, detour, descend, vanish, renew, stroll, shuffle, glide, halt, hover, suffice, prevail, sway, endure, stride, swivel, blink, exhale, flutter, wander, implode, whistle, recede, wane, pry, stick, erupt, arrive, revolve, retreat, disintegrate, perish, reveal, begin, hasten, implode, burst, mold, collapse, develop, dwindle, cease, droop, wander, linger, materialize, quiver, spin, sob, evaporate, escalate, evolve, escalate, ferment, fluctuate, flutter, gasp, groan, gush, hover, hurl, ignite, intensify, jiggle, leap, linger, lurch, materialize, mingle, murmur, navigate, oscillate, pop.